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生物质炭对高度风化的酸性铁铝土碳氮磷循环及土壤质量的影响研究

ACKNOWLEGMENTS第8-9页
ABBREVIATIONS第9-10页
LIST OF TABLES第10-12页
LIST OF FIGURES第12-18页
中文摘要第18-21页
ABSTRACT第21-24页
1 BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION第25-27页
2 LITERATURE REVIEW第27-40页
    2.1 Distribution and charcterstics of ferralsols第27-28页
        2.1.1 Parent material第27页
        2.1.2 Distribution of ferralsols第27页
        2.1.3 Characteristics of ferralsols第27-28页
            2.1.3.1 Morphological characteristics第27-28页
            2.1.3.2 Physical characteristics第28页
            2.1.3.3 Chemical characteristics第28页
    2.2 Management and use of ferralsols第28-31页
        2.2.1 Inappropriate management of Ferralsols第29-31页
            2.2.1.1 Inorganic fertilizer use第29-31页
            2.2.1.2 Tillage第31页
    2.3 PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF BIOCHAR第31-34页
        2.3.1 Is biochar a new technology?第31页
        2.3.2 Terra preta第31-32页
        2.3.3 Biochar preparation第32-33页
        2.3.4 Biochar's composition第33页
        2.3.5 Biochar's Properties第33-34页
        2.3.6 Biochar sources第34页
    2.4 EFFECTS OF BIOCHAR ON QUALITY OF SOILS第34-37页
        2.4.1 Physical properties第34-35页
        2.4.2 Chemical properties第35-36页
        2.4.3 Microbial activity, biomass and community第36-37页
        2.4.4 Sorption of ions第37页
    2.5 Biochar on productivity of crops第37-38页
    2.6 BIOCHAR ON ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN SOIL第38-39页
    2.7 POTENTIAL FOR USING BIOCHAR ON FERRALSOLS第39-40页
3 PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TESTED SOIL ANDBIOCHARS第40-44页
    3.1 BIOCHAR PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION第40-42页
        3.1.1 pH第40页
        3.1.2 Total C, H, N and O第40页
        3.1.3 Moisture content第40-41页
        3.1.4 Ash content第41页
        3.1.5 Surface area and Pore volume第41页
        3.1.6 Morphology第41页
        3.1.7 Chemical composition of carbon第41-42页
    3.2 COLLECTION, PREPARATION AND STORAGE OF SOIL第42页
    3.3 Analysis of soil basic properties第42-44页
        3.3.1 Particle size distribution第42页
        3.3.2 Soil pH第42页
        3.3.3 Total organic carbon (TOC)第42页
        3.3.4 Total nitrogen (TN)第42-43页
        3.3.5 Total phosphorous (TP)第43页
        3.3.6 Total potassium (TK)第43-44页
4 EFFECTS OF BIOCHAR APPLICAION ON MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES,BIOMASS AND COMMUNITIES IN HIGHLY WEATHERED ACIDICFERRALSOLS第44-62页
    4.1 INTRODUCTION第44-45页
    4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS第45-48页
        4.2.1 Incubation Experiment第45页
        4.2.2 Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)第45-46页
        4.2.3 Enzyme Activity第46页
            4.2.3.1 Acid phosphatases第46页
            4.2.3.2 β-glucosidase activity第46页
            4.2.3.3 Urease activity第46页
        4.2.4 Microbial biomass C and N第46-47页
        4.2.5 Phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFAs)第47页
        4.2.6 Statistical analysis第47-48页
    4.3 RESULSTS第48-58页
        4.3.1 Soil pH第48页
        4.3.2 Total organic C (TOC) and total N (TN)第48-49页
        4.3.3 Dissolved organic C (DOC)第49-50页
        4.3.4 Microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN)第50-51页
        4.3.5 Enzymatic Activities第51-54页
        4.3.6 Relationships between soil properties and enzymes第54页
        4.3.7 Microbial Communities第54-58页
    4.4 DISCUSSION第58-61页
        4.4.1 Biochar effects on soil pH, DOC, total organic C and N第58-59页
        4.4.2 Biochar effects on microbial biomass and enzymatic activities第59-60页
        4.4.3 Biochar effects on microbial Communities第60-61页
    4.5 CONCLUSIONS第61-62页
5 EFFECTS OF BIOCHAR ON CARBON FRACTIONS AND ENZYMEACTIVITY OF ACIDIC FERRALSOLS第62-79页
    5.1 INTRODUCTION第62-64页
    5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS第64-68页
        5.2.1 Incubation experiment第64页
        5.2.2 Aggregate stability第64页
        5.2.3 Labile organic carbon fractions第64-66页
            5.2.3.1 The light soil organic carbon fraction(LFOC)第64-65页
            5.2.3.2 Water soluble carbon(WSC)and hot-water extractable carbon (HWC)第65页
            5.2.3.3 Permanganate oxidizable C(POXC)第65页
            5.2.3.4 Microbial biomass C(MBC)第65-66页
        5.2.4 Carbon management index第66-67页
        5.2.5 Enzyme activity第67页
            5.2.5.1 Soil dehydrogenase activity第67页
            5.2.5.2 β-glucosidase activity第67页
            5.2.5.3 Urease activity第67页
        5.2.6 Statistical analysis第67-68页
    5.3 RESULTS第68-74页
        5.3.1 Total organic carbon and total nitrogen第68页
        5.3.2 Labile organic carbon第68-69页
        5.3.3 Water aggregate stability第69-70页
        5.3.4. Relationships among organic carbon fractions第70-71页
        5.3.5 Carbon management index第71-72页
        5.3.6 Enzyme activity第72-74页
    5.4 DISCUSSION第74-78页
        5.4.1 Biochar effect on carbon fractions第74-76页
        5.4.2 Biochar effect on aggregate stability第76-77页
        5.4.3 Biochar effects on activity of enzymes第77-78页
    5.5 CONCLUSIONS第78-79页
6 FRACTIONS AND SORPTION OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHOROUS ASAFFECTED BY BIOCHAR APPLICATION IN ACIDIC FERRALSOLS第79-90页
    6.1 INTRODUCTION第79-80页
    6.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS第80-83页
        6.2.1 Incubation experiment第80-81页
        6.2.2 Nitrogen forms第81页
            6.2.2.1 Mineral N(NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N)第81页
            6.2.2.2 Organic N第81页
        6.2.3 NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N sorption isotherms第81-82页
        6.2.4 Phosphorous fractions第82页
        6.2.5 Phosphorous sorption第82-83页
        6.2.6 Statistical Analyses第83页
    6.3 RESULTS第83-88页
        6.3.1 Nitrogen forms第85页
        6.3.2 Nitrogen Sorption Capacity第85-86页
        6.3.3 Phosphorous fraction第86页
        6.3.4 Phosphorous sorption第86-88页
    6.4 DISCUSSION第88-89页
        6.4.1 Effect of biochar on N forms and sorption第88-89页
        6.4.2 Effect of biochar on P fractions and sorption第89页
    6.5 CONCLUSIONS第89-90页
7 RYE GRASS RESPONSE TO NUTRIENT PROPERTIES OF BIOCHARS INACIDIC FERRALSOLS第90-110页
    7.1 INTRODUCTION第90-91页
    7.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS第91-93页
        7.2.1 Experimental Design,treatments and plant management第91页
        7.2.2 Germination trial第91页
        7.2.3 Growth Parameters第91-92页
            7.2.3.1 Leaf chlorophyll第91-92页
            7.2.3.2 Plant height第92页
        7.2.4 Biomass第92页
            7.2.4.1 Shoot biomass第92页
            7.2.4.2 Root biomass第92页
        7.2.5 Plant analysis第92页
            7.2.5.1 Total nitrogen第92页
            7.2.5.2 Total K,Na,Ca,Mg and P第92页
        7.2.6 Statistical analysis第92-93页
    7.3 RESULTS第93-106页
        7.3.1 Charactersics of the biochars第93-94页
        7.3.2 Soil Quality changes第94-98页
        7.3.3 Germination第98-99页
        7.3.4 Growth第99-102页
        7.3.5 Relationship between soil quality and plant growth第102-106页
    7.4 DISCUSSION第106-108页
        7.4.1 Charactestics of biochar and its effect on soil quality change第106-107页
        7.4.2 Growth and agronomic value of biochar第107-108页
    7.5 CONCLUSIONS第108-110页
8 MAIN FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS第110-111页
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES第111-112页
LITERATURE CITED第112-125页

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