| Acknowledgements | 第7-13页 |
| Abstract | 第13-14页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第15-46页 |
| 1.1. Significance of studies on trace metals in water | 第15-17页 |
| 1.2. Techniques for preconcentration of trace metals in water | 第17-24页 |
| 1.2.1. Co-precipitation | 第17-18页 |
| 1.2.2. Solvent extraction | 第18-19页 |
| 1.2.3. Solid phase extraction | 第19-24页 |
| 1.2.3.1. Resin Adsorption | 第20-23页 |
| 1.2.3.2. Colorimetric-solid phase extraction | 第23-24页 |
| 1.3. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) | 第24-30页 |
| 1.3.1. Theoretical aspects | 第25-27页 |
| 1.3.2. The origin of absorption bands in the NIR region | 第27-29页 |
| 1.3.3. Instrumentation | 第29-30页 |
| 1.4. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy | 第30-33页 |
| 1.4.1. Beer-Lambert law | 第30-31页 |
| 1.4.2. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer | 第31-33页 |
| 1.5. Application of chemometrics in spectrophotometry and near-infraredspectroscopy | 第33-38页 |
| 1.5.1. Pretreatment of near-infrared spectral data | 第34-35页 |
| 1.5.1.1. Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) | 第35页 |
| 1.5.2. Multivariate calibration | 第35-38页 |
| 1.5.2.1. Partial least squares regression (PLS) | 第36-38页 |
| 1.6. Objectives of the present research | 第38-40页 |
| References | 第40-46页 |
| Chapter 2 On-line Determination of Trace Copper inWater Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Fluidized BedEnrichment | 第46-59页 |
| 2.1. Introduction | 第46-48页 |
| 2.2. Experimental | 第48-50页 |
| 2.2.1. Reagents and solutions | 第48页 |
| 2.2.2. Apparatus | 第48-50页 |
| 2.2.3. Enrichment and measurement of NIR | 第50页 |
| 2.2.4. Data analysis | 第50页 |
| 2.3. Results and discussion | 第50-55页 |
| 2.3.1. Enrichment efficiency of Cu~(2+) | 第50-51页 |
| 2.3.2. NIR spectra of material adsorbed with Cu~(2+) | 第51-52页 |
| 2.3.3. Correlation between NIR spectra and concentrations of Cu~(2+) | 第52-53页 |
| 2.3.4. PLS modeling with leave-one-out cross validation | 第53-55页 |
| 2.4. Conclusions | 第55-56页 |
| References | 第56-59页 |
| Chapter 3 Simultaneous Determination of Copper,Cobaltand Nickel ions in Water by Near-Infrared SpectroscopyCoupled with Fluidized Bed Enrichment | 第59-71页 |
| 3.1. Introduction | 第59-60页 |
| 3.2. Experimental | 第60-61页 |
| 3.2.1. Reagents and samples | 第60-61页 |
| 3.2.2. Apparatus,enrichment procedure and data analysis | 第61页 |
| 3.3. Results and Discussion | 第61-68页 |
| 3.3.1. Optimization of the system | 第61-63页 |
| 3.3.1.1. Effect of sorbent type and dosage | 第61页 |
| 3.3.1.2. Effect of pH | 第61-62页 |
| 3.3.1.3. Effect of flow rate | 第62-63页 |
| 3.3.2. Enrichment efficiency | 第63-64页 |
| 3.3.3. NIR spectra of material adsorbed with Cu~(2+),Co~(2+) and Ni~(2+) | 第64页 |
| 3.3.4. PLS modeling with leave-one-out cross-validation | 第64-68页 |
| 3.4. Conclusions | 第68-69页 |
| References | 第69-71页 |
| Chapter 4 Ultra-Sensitive SpectrophotometricDetermination of Nickel after Complexation and MembraneFiltration | 第71-86页 |
| 4.1. Introduction | 第71-72页 |
| 4.2. Experimental | 第72-74页 |
| 4.2.1. Apparatus and Reagents | 第72-73页 |
| 4.2.2. Spectral absorption measurements | 第73-74页 |
| 4.2.3. Determination of Ni~(2+) in real samples | 第74页 |
| 4.3. Results and Discussion | 第74-82页 |
| 4.3.1. Absorption Spectra | 第74-76页 |
| 4.3.2. Effect of pH | 第76-77页 |
| 4.3.3. Influences of amounts of PAN | 第77页 |
| 4.3.4. Selection of sample volume | 第77-78页 |
| 4.3.5. Effect of potentially interfering ions | 第78-79页 |
| 4.3.6. Detection limit | 第79-80页 |
| 4.3.7. Application to real samples | 第80页 |
| 4.3.8. Comparison of the present method with the other methods for the determination of Ni~(2+) | 第80-82页 |
| 4.4. Conclusions | 第82-83页 |
| References | 第83-86页 |
| Chapter 5 Colorimetric -solid phase extraction andsimultaneous determination of trace amounts of Ni, Co andZn using partial least squares regression | 第86-102页 |
| 5.1. Introduction | 第86-87页 |
| 5.2. Experimental | 第87-90页 |
| 5.2.1. Apparatus and Reagents | 第87-88页 |
| 5.2.2. Procedure | 第88-90页 |
| 5.2.2.1. Individual Calibration | 第88页 |
| 5.2.2.2. PLS Multivariatc Calibration | 第88-90页 |
| 5.3. Results and Discussion | 第90-97页 |
| 5.3.1. Optimization of the System | 第90-92页 |
| 5.3.2. Individual Calibration | 第92-95页 |
| 5.3.3. PLS Multivariate Calibration | 第95-96页 |
| 5.3.4. Possible Reasons of Large Errors | 第96-97页 |
| 5.4. Conclusions | 第97-98页 |
| References | 第98-102页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion and Future Prospect | 第102-105页 |
| 6.1. Summary of the Present Research | 第102-104页 |
| 6.2. Future Prospects of Preconcentration Techniques for Trace Metal Ions in Water | 第104-105页 |
| List of Publications | 第105-107页 |
| Curriculum vitae | 第107页 |
