| 摘要 | 第1-6页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第6-12页 |
| Chapter 1:Introduction | 第12-16页 |
| Chapter 2:Literature Review | 第16-46页 |
| ·Abstract | 第16页 |
| ·Introduction | 第16-17页 |
| ·Methods:Literature search criteria | 第17-19页 |
| ·Results & Discussion | 第19-44页 |
| ·HWC & ES as separate concepts in the literature | 第19-26页 |
| ·Brief background to human-wildlife conflicts | 第20-24页 |
| ·Brief background to ecosystem services | 第24-26页 |
| ·Quantifying and understanding the research effort combining HWC & ES | 第26-27页 |
| ·How have HWC & ES been combined in the literature? | 第27-41页 |
| ·The benefits of a combined approach | 第41-43页 |
| ·Combining benefits and costs from HWC & ES in future research/management | 第43-44页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第44-46页 |
| Chapter 3:Ecosystem Service Valuation Methodology | 第46-76页 |
| ·Abstract | 第46页 |
| ·Introduction | 第46-48页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第48-60页 |
| ·Study Site | 第48-50页 |
| ·Social Surveys | 第50-51页 |
| ·Calculating Land use Land cover(LULC)and Ecosystem Service Value(ESV) | 第51-60页 |
| ·LULC Maps | 第52-54页 |
| ·Ecosystem Service Economic Valuation | 第54-60页 |
| ·Results & Discussion | 第60-72页 |
| ·Different Base Layers for Valuation-Comparing LULC Maps | 第60-62页 |
| ·ESV Across the Entire Study Area | 第62-67页 |
| ·ESV Across Management Zones | 第67-72页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第72-76页 |
| Chapter 4:Combined patterns of human-wildlife conflicts & ecosystem services at the protected areascale | 第76-97页 |
| ·Abstract | 第76页 |
| ·Introduction | 第76-78页 |
| ·Methods | 第78-84页 |
| ·Study site | 第78-80页 |
| ·Data | 第80-83页 |
| ·Human-wildlife conflict data | 第80-81页 |
| ·Ecosystem service valuation data | 第81页 |
| ·Management scenarios | 第81-82页 |
| ·Extraction of spatial data and protected area context | 第82-83页 |
| ·Variables and Model Selection | 第83-84页 |
| ·Results | 第84-91页 |
| ·Overview of ecosystem service value and human-wildlife conflicts in NGH | 第84-85页 |
| ·Environmental characteristics of ESV and HWC spatial distribution | 第85-89页 |
| ·Scenario 1:Global perspective without local relevance | 第85-87页 |
| ·Scenario 2:Global perspective but with local relevance | 第87-89页 |
| ·Scenario 3:Local community perspective | 第89页 |
| ·Distribution of ESV benefits and HWC costs across management zones and blocks | 第89-91页 |
| ·Discussion | 第91-96页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第96-97页 |
| Chapter 5:Combined patterns of human-wildlife conflicts & ecosystem services at the household scale | 第97-121页 |
| ·Abstract | 第97页 |
| ·Introduction | 第97-99页 |
| ·Methods | 第99-108页 |
| ·Study Sites | 第99-101页 |
| ·Sampling design | 第101-102页 |
| ·Survey design | 第102-104页 |
| ·Analyses | 第104-108页 |
| ·Explanatory Variable Selection | 第104页 |
| ·Occurrence of conflicts or natural product collection | 第104-106页 |
| ·Quantity of conflicts suffered or natural products collected | 第106-108页 |
| ·Results & Discussion | 第108-119页 |
| ·Description of respondents | 第108页 |
| ·Overview of human-wildlife conflict and ecosystem service indicators | 第108-110页 |
| ·Which household characteristics are associated with occurrences of human-wildlife conflict andecosystem service realisation? | 第110-118页 |
| ·Binary records of occurrences | 第110-112页 |
| ·Quantified records of occurrences | 第112-118页 |
| ·Which household characteristics are potentially vulnerable? | 第118-119页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第119-121页 |
| Chapter 6:Attitudinal patterns of human-wildlife conflicts & ecosystem services | 第121-141页 |
| ·Abstract | 第121页 |
| ·Introduction | 第121-124页 |
| ·Ecosystem Services | 第123页 |
| ·Protected Areas | 第123页 |
| ·Human-wildlife coexistence | 第123-124页 |
| ·Methods | 第124-127页 |
| ·Study Site | 第124-125页 |
| ·Survey methods | 第125-126页 |
| ·Analyses | 第126-127页 |
| ·Results and Discussion | 第127-139页 |
| ·Summary of attitudinal alignment and preference | 第127-129页 |
| ·Human-wildlife coexistence | 第129-132页 |
| ·Protected areas | 第132-137页 |
| ·Ecosystem Services | 第137-138页 |
| ·Summary & Recommendations | 第138-139页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第139-141页 |
| Chapter 7:Discussion | 第141-153页 |
| ·Key mechanisms identified | 第141-143页 |
| ·Predicted mechanisms | 第141-142页 |
| ·Mechanisms identified in this study | 第142-143页 |
| ·Using this knowledge to inform action | 第143-146页 |
| ·Ecological corridors in Nangunhe | 第144-145页 |
| ·Conservation of prey populations in Matoushan | 第145-146页 |
| ·Guidelines for combining multiple human-wildlife interactions for more effective conservationmanagement | 第146-151页 |
| ·The importance of human attitudes & perceptions of HWC and ES | 第150-151页 |
| ·The importance of technique and data availability | 第151页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第151-153页 |
| Appendices | 第153-189页 |
| Appendix 4-1:Correlation matrices for predictor variables for use in GLM models | 第153-160页 |
| Appendix 4-2:Summary output following model-averaging | 第160-165页 |
| Appendix 4-3:HWC and ESV summaries for management zones and individual blocks | 第165-169页 |
| Appendix 5-1:Household questionnaire | 第169-175页 |
| Appendix 5-2:Pearson's correlation coefficients for explanatory variables | 第175-179页 |
| Appendix 5-3:Pearson's correlation coefficient matrix for the response variables | 第179-180页 |
| Appendix 5-4:Principal Components Analysis(PCA)Output | 第180-181页 |
| Appendix 5-5:Summary of human-wildlife conflict records during one-month recall | 第181-182页 |
| Appendix 5-6:Summary of natural product collection records during one-month recall | 第182-184页 |
| Appendix 5-7:Significant associations for Matoushan dataset | 第184-185页 |
| Appendix 5-8:The nature of correlation between the explanatory variables and the dimensions ofordination for Nangunhe dataset | 第185-186页 |
| Appendix 5-9:The nature of correlation between the explanatory variables and the dimensions ofordination for Matoushan dataset | 第186-187页 |
| Appendix 6-1:Fisher's Exact Test Results | 第187-189页 |
| References | 第189-205页 |
| Student Profile | 第205-209页 |
| Supervisor Profile | 第209-213页 |
| Publications & Awards | 第213-214页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第214页 |
| Dedication | 第214页 |
