| Acknowledgements | 第3-4页 |
| 摘要 | 第4-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-7页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第10-19页 |
| 1.1 The media's two roles:surrogate voice and independent actor | 第11-14页 |
| 1.1.1 Indexing:the media as surrogate voices | 第11-12页 |
| 1.1.2 Framing:the media as independent actors | 第12-13页 |
| 1.1.3 The degree of media independence | 第13-14页 |
| 1.2 Shortcomings of existing approaches to media independence | 第14-15页 |
| 1.3 Necessity and significance of this study | 第15-16页 |
| 1.4 Applying the cascade model to media independence in the PNTR debate | 第16-19页 |
| Chapter 2 Research design | 第19-23页 |
| 2.1 Selection of sources | 第19-20页 |
| 2.2 Content analysis | 第20-23页 |
| 2.2.1 Sampling | 第20-21页 |
| 2.2.2 Coding strategy | 第21-23页 |
| Chapter 3 Pro- and anti-PNTR frames and the media's position | 第23-31页 |
| 3.1 Presidential frame, pro- and anti-administration frame | 第24-27页 |
| 3.1.1 Presidential frame | 第24-25页 |
| 3.1.2 Pro-administration frame | 第25-26页 |
| 3.1.3 Anti-administration frame | 第26-27页 |
| 3.2 The media's position in the coverage of PNTR | 第27-29页 |
| 3.2.1 The media's general tone in covering PNTR | 第28-29页 |
| 3.2.2 The media's position in op-eds, letters and editorials | 第29页 |
| 3.3 Summary | 第29-31页 |
| Chapter 4 The media's patterning of anti-administration frames | 第31-39页 |
| 4.1 An overview of anti-administration frames | 第31-32页 |
| 4.2 Criticisms of presidential frames | 第32-35页 |
| 4.2.1 The "harm US workers" frame | 第34页 |
| 4.2.2 The "reform China unlikely" frame | 第34-35页 |
| 4.3 Criticisms of the three pro-administration frames | 第35-38页 |
| 4.3.1 The "violation of fundamental rights" frame and "keep the leverage" frame 27 | 第36-37页 |
| 4.3.2 The "general opposition" frame | 第37-38页 |
| 4.4 Summary | 第38-39页 |
| Chapter 5 The media's patterning of presidential and pro-administration frames | 第39-45页 |
| 5.1 The media's patterning of presidential frames | 第39-42页 |
| 5.1.1 Economy-related frames | 第40-41页 |
| 5.1.2 The "empower Chinese liberals" frame | 第41-42页 |
| 5.2 New pro-administration frames proposed by the media | 第42-44页 |
| 5.2.1 The "delinking trade from human rights and labor" frame | 第42-44页 |
| 5.3 Summary | 第44-45页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion | 第45-47页 |
| 6.1 Conclusion | 第45-46页 |
| 6.2 Limitations | 第46-47页 |
| References | 第47-51页 |
| Appendix Full list of frames and samples | 第51-59页 |
