| Abstract | 第3-4页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第5-7页 |
| Dedication | 第7-16页 |
| Abbreviations | 第16-17页 |
| CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION | 第17-37页 |
| 1.1 Introduction | 第17-19页 |
| 1.2 Background to the Problem | 第19-21页 |
| 1.3 Statement of the Problem- Rooted to the Geographical Separation | 第21-24页 |
| 1.4 Purpose and Objectives of the Study | 第24-25页 |
| 1.5 Research Questions | 第25-27页 |
| 1.5.1 What are the Pedagogies Taking Place in Students’ Learning at OUT? | 第26页 |
| 1.5.2 What are Students’ Preferred Pedagogies in Their Learning Process? | 第26-27页 |
| 1.5.3 What are Students’ Perceptions about the Influences of Pedagogies at OUT on Their Learning? | 第27页 |
| 1.5.4 How can Students’ Preferences and Perceptions be interpreted through the COI and IET? | 第27页 |
| 1.6 Rationale of the Study - Dropouts and Limited Students Participation | 第27-28页 |
| 1.7 Significance of the Study | 第28-30页 |
| 1.8 Scope of the Study - Preferred Pedagogies at OUT | 第30-31页 |
| 1.9 Meaning of Key Terms/Concepts Used in this Study | 第31-36页 |
| 1.9.1 Preference- The Choice Based on Utility | 第31页 |
| 1.9.2 Pedagogies - The Relationships between Teaching and Learning | 第31-32页 |
| 1.9.3 Learning | 第32-33页 |
| 1.9.4 Distance Education and Related Terms | 第33-36页 |
| 1.10 Structure of the thesis | 第36-37页 |
| CHAPTER TWO: THE CONTEXT OF THE STUDY | 第37-55页 |
| 2.1 Brief description of Tanzania | 第37-39页 |
| 2.2 A Brief Description of the Selected Regions | 第39-45页 |
| 2.2.1 Mwanza Region | 第42-43页 |
| 2.2.2 Arusha Region | 第43-44页 |
| 2.2.3 Dar es Salaam Region | 第44-45页 |
| 2.3 The Development of Distance Education in Tanzania | 第45-47页 |
| 2.4 The Open University of Tanzania | 第47-54页 |
| 2.4.1 Pedagogies and Structure of Degree Programmes at OUT | 第48-50页 |
| 2.4.2 Enrolment and Graduation Trends | 第50-54页 |
| 2.5 Summary of the Chapter | 第54-55页 |
| CHAPTER THREE: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE | 第55-89页 |
| 3.1 Pedagogies in Distance and Conventional Education | 第55-56页 |
| 3.2 Learning Hurdles Commonly Encountered by Distance Education Students | 第56-61页 |
| 3.2.1 Personal Challenges | 第57-59页 |
| 3.2.2 Institutional Challenges | 第59-61页 |
| 3.3 Distance Education Pedagogies and Learning Theories | 第61-65页 |
| 3.3.1 Behaviourism Applications in Distance Education | 第62页 |
| 3.3.2 Cognitivists Contributions on Distance Education | 第62-63页 |
| 3.3.3 Humanistic Influence on Distance Education | 第63页 |
| 3.3.4 Constructivist Role on Distance Education | 第63-64页 |
| 3.3.5 Connectivist Effects on Distance Education | 第64-65页 |
| 3.4 The Development of Pedagogies in Distance Education | 第65-69页 |
| 3.4.1 The Correspondence Era (1840s- to late 1890s) | 第66页 |
| 3.4.2 The Mass Media Era (From 1920s) | 第66-67页 |
| 3.4.3 The Era of Two Way and Interactive Technology (From late 1970s) | 第67-69页 |
| 3.5 Pedagogies and Students Learning in Distance Education | 第69-71页 |
| 3.6 Students’ Preferred Pedagogies and their Perceived Benefits in Learning | 第71-74页 |
| 3.7 Related Pedagogical Theories in Distance Education | 第74-81页 |
| 3.7.1 The Community of Inquiry framework (COI) | 第74-79页 |
| 3.7.2 Interaction Equivalency Theorem (IET) | 第79-81页 |
| 3.8 Theoretical Framework of the Study | 第81-85页 |
| 3.9 The Summary of the Chapter | 第85-89页 |
| CHAPTER FOUR: METHODOLOGY | 第89-103页 |
| 4.1 Research design- Descriptive Mixed Methods | 第89-90页 |
| 4.2 Population of the Study and Sampling Procedures | 第90-93页 |
| 4.2.1 Population of the Study- The Open University of Tanzania | 第90页 |
| 4.2.2 Sampling Procedures and Sample Size | 第90-93页 |
| 4.3 Instruments, Data Collection and Analysis | 第93-101页 |
| 4.3.1 The Design of the Questionnaire | 第93-95页 |
| 4.3.2 Focus Group Discussion | 第95-96页 |
| 4.3.3 Reliability and Validity | 第96-98页 |
| 4.3.4 Data Collection Procedures | 第98-99页 |
| 4.3.5 Data Analysis | 第99-101页 |
| 4.4 Summary of the Chapter | 第101-103页 |
| CHAPTER FIVE: FINDINGS | 第103-169页 |
| 5.1 Pedagogies Taking Place at OUT | 第103-123页 |
| 5.1.1 Access and Use of Learning Materials | 第103-107页 |
| 5.1.2 Students’ Interactions with Their Instructors | 第107-112页 |
| 5.1.3 Learning Assessment Tools and Procedures | 第112-116页 |
| 5.1.4 Students-Students Interactions | 第116-121页 |
| 5.1.5 Pedagogies Use across Demographic Characteristics of Participants | 第121-123页 |
| 5.2 Students’ Preferred Pedagogies at OUT | 第123-141页 |
| 5.2.1 Students’ Preferences on the Modes of Learning Materials | 第124-126页 |
| 5.2.2 Students’ Preferences on the Modes of Interaction with Instructors | 第126-130页 |
| 5.2.3 Students’ Preferences on the Modes of Interaction among Themselves | 第130-134页 |
| 5.2.4 Students’ Preferences on Learning Assessment Tools | 第134-138页 |
| 5.2.5 Students’ Preferences on Instructional, Individual, and Social Pedagogies | 第138-139页 |
| 5.2.6 Students’ Preferences across Age, Gender and Region | 第139-141页 |
| 5.3 The Perceived influence of the pedagogies at OUT on students’ learning | 第141-153页 |
| 5.3.1 Association between Students’ Frequency of Use and Preferences of Pedagogies | 第141-142页 |
| 5.3.2 Association between Students’ Frequency of Use and Perceived Learning .. | 第142-143页 |
| 5.3.3 Association between Students Preferred Pedagogies and Perceived Learning | 第143-144页 |
| 5.3.4 Perceived Influence of Pedagogies on Learning across Age, Region, and Gender | 第144-146页 |
| 5.3.5 Students’ Qualitative View on the Influence of Pedagogies in Learning | 第146-153页 |
| 5.4 | 第153-161页 |
| 5.4.1 Challenges Encountered in Learning Process and how Students Resolved Them | 第153-160页 |
| 5.4.2 How They Survived in Distance Education Institution | 第160-161页 |
| 5.5 How to Understand Students Preferences and Perceived Learning from COI and IET Perspectives | 第161-168页 |
| 5.5.1 Community of Inquiry Framework | 第161-165页 |
| 5.5.2 The Interaction Equivalency Theorem (IET) | 第165-168页 |
| 5.6 Summary of the Chapter | 第168-169页 |
| CHAPTER SIX: DISCUSSION, IMPLICATIONS, AND CONCLUSIONS | 第169-186页 |
| 6.1 Discussion | 第170-178页 |
| 6.2 Implications of the Findings for the Practise | 第178-181页 |
| 6.3 Limitations of the Study | 第181-182页 |
| 6.4 Suggestions for Further Research | 第182页 |
| 6.5 Conclusions | 第182-186页 |
| References | 第186-207页 |
| Appendices | 第207-214页 |
| Appendix 1: Questionnaire | 第207-213页 |
| Appendix 2: Focus Group Discussion Template Questions | 第213-214页 |
