| 摘要 | 第1-11页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第11-14页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第14-15页 |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | 第15-16页 |
| Introduction | 第16-18页 |
| Chapter 1 LITERATURE REVIEW | 第18-49页 |
| ·Considering duck egg as a nutrient sources for growing embryos | 第21-22页 |
| ·How do duck's embryos nourish during incubation? | 第22-25页 |
| ·Nutrition during germination and early post-germination of duck embryos | 第22-23页 |
| ·Nutrition during maturation of duck embryos | 第23-24页 |
| ·Nutrition during preparation of the emergence of ducklings from egg shell | 第24-25页 |
| ·How is yolk sac nutrient utilized during perinatal growth? | 第25-26页 |
| ·Interorgan metabolism of energy substrates during embryonic incubationand neonatal period | 第26-28页 |
| ·Liver tissue | 第26页 |
| ·Pectoral muscle | 第26-28页 |
| ·Metabolic cooperation between the liver tissue and pectoral muscle inperinatal nutrition | 第28页 |
| ·Which factors affect embryonic and neonatal energy nutrition? | 第28-30页 |
| ·Supply of nutritive solutions into the avian embryos | 第30-38页 |
| ·Procedures and appropriate developmental stage of nutrient injection into theembryos | 第30-31页 |
| ·Previous and current in ovo nutritive solution supply in poultry | 第31-33页 |
| ·In ovo feeding in chicken, turkey and Japanese quail | 第31-32页 |
| ·In ovo feeding in ducks | 第32-33页 |
| ·Nutrients susceptible to improve the metabolic rates in avian embryos | 第33-37页 |
| ·Sodium chloride | 第33-34页 |
| ·Carbohydrates in the in ovo nutritive solutions | 第34-35页 |
| ·Amino acids in the in ovo nutrition | 第35-36页 |
| ·Arginine metabolism in perinatal nutrition | 第36-37页 |
| ·Osmoregulatory effects on embryonic survival and growth | 第37页 |
| ·Benefits of feeding growing embryos with exogenous nutrients | 第37-38页 |
| ·Macronutrients:Metabolic assimilation, nutrient metabolism, final productbiosynthesis and use by the growing embryos and neonates | 第38-45页 |
| ·Carbohydrate metabolism in the growing embryos and neonates | 第38-40页 |
| ·Glycogenic and glycogenolytic processes in growing embryos and neonates | 第38-39页 |
| ·Glycolytic and gluconeogenic mechanisms in growing embryos and neonates | 第39-40页 |
| ·Amino acid metabolism in embryos and neonates | 第40-41页 |
| ·Lipid and fatty acid metabolism in developing embryos and neonates | 第41-42页 |
| ·A synergistic approach of macronutrient metabolism in growing embryos andneonates | 第42-43页 |
| ·The enzymatic regulation of energy metabolism in growing embryos andneonates | 第43-45页 |
| ·The functions of glycogenic enzymes in early energy metabolism | 第43-44页 |
| ·The role of gluconeogenic enzymes in perinatal energy metabolism | 第44-45页 |
| ·Glycogenic and gluconeogenic enzymes:Maintaining energy homeostasis ingrowing embryos and neonates | 第45页 |
| ·Protein deposition for energy substrate biosynthesis in improving perinatalenergy metabolic rates | 第45-47页 |
| ·Summary | 第47-49页 |
| Chapter 2 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS | 第49-59页 |
| ·In ovo nutritive solution ingredients | 第50-51页 |
| ·Initial analyses relating to the administration of nutritive solutions into the duckembryos | 第51-59页 |
| ·In ovo nutrient administration | 第52-56页 |
| ·Observations and comments concerning the embryo injection | 第56-59页 |
| Chapter 3 EFFECTS OF IN OVO FEEDING ON PERINATAL ENERGY METABOLISM AND POSTNATAL PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCES | 第59-99页 |
| ·THE EFFECTS OF IN OVO FEEDING WITH CARBOHYDRATES ANDARGININE ON ENERGY METABOLISM AT 25 DAYS OF INCUBATION,HATCH,3 DAYS AND 7 DAYS POAT-HATCH | 第59-84页 |
| ·EXPERIMENT 1 | 第67-71页 |
| ·EXPERIMENT 2 | 第71-74页 |
| ·EXPERIMENT 3 | 第74-84页 |
| ·THE EFFECTS OF IN OVO FEEDING WITH CARBOHYDRATES ANDARGININE ON THE HATCHABILITY IN DUCKS | 第84-90页 |
| ·THE EFFECTS OF IN OVO FEEDING WITH CARBOHYDRATES ANDARGININE ON BODY GROWTH IN DUCKS | 第90-99页 |
| Chapter 4 EFFECTS OF IN OVO FEEDING ON PROTEIN ANABOLISM IN DUCK EMBRYOS AND NEONAI,ALDUCKLINGS | 第99-125页 |
| ·Effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and arginine on p70S6K1 activationin duck embryo and neonatal duckling pectoral muscle | 第109-110页 |
| ·Effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and arginine on p70S6K1phosphorylation (P-S6K1) in duck embryo and neonatal duckling pectoral muscle | 第110-113页 |
| ·Effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and arginine on the activation of theAMPK in duck embryo and neonatal duckling pectoral muscle | 第113-115页 |
| ·Effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and arginine on phosphorylatedAMPK (P-AMPK) protein levels in duck embryo and neonatal duckling pectoralmuscle | 第115-125页 |
| Chapter 5 CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH | 第125-133页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第125-129页 |
| ·Energy metabolism | 第125-127页 |
| ·Protein anabolism | 第127-129页 |
| ·Productive performance | 第129页 |
| ·Prospects for future research | 第129-133页 |
| REFERENCES | 第133-154页 |
| RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND PUBLICATIONS | 第154页 |
