| 中文提要 | 第1-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-9页 |
| Introduction | 第9-14页 |
| Chapter One: Hardy, a Transitional Writer | 第14-22页 |
| ·Hardy, a Victorian Realist | 第14-16页 |
| ·Hardy, a Modernism Advocate | 第16-22页 |
| Chapter Two: Lonely and Spiritually Isolated Characters | 第22-34页 |
| ·Tess: Entrapped in Cultural Conflicts and Conventional Prejudice | 第22-24页 |
| ·Angel: The Embodiment of Contradictory Ideals | 第24-31页 |
| ·Alec: A Founding of the Society, and a Victim of the Environment | 第31-32页 |
| ·Delineation of Loneliness in Modernism Writing | 第32-34页 |
| Chapter Three: Impossibility of Self-fulfillment and Disillusionment of Ideals | 第34-41页 |
| ·Turning Point: The Loss of Chastity | 第34-35页 |
| ·Disaster: Deserted By Her Lover | 第35-37页 |
| ·Despair: Sacrificing of Her Young Life | 第37-39页 |
| ·Atmosphere of Failure Prevailed Modernism Writing | 第39-41页 |
| Chapter Four Impact of Various Alienations | 第41-52页 |
| ·Definition of Alienation | 第41页 |
| ·Traditional Convention Turned to Torture Tess | 第41-43页 |
| ·Human Beings Scared Tess | 第43-47页 |
| ·Machinery Manipulated Man | 第47-49页 |
| ·Nature Didn't Coexist Harmoniously with Man | 第49-50页 |
| ·Alienations Were Popular Themes with Modernists | 第50-52页 |
| Conclusion | 第52-54页 |
| Notes | 第54-56页 |
| Bibliography | 第56-57页 |
