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Study on the Utilization of Seed-Flax Stems as Reinflorcement for Green Composites

ABSTRACT第5页
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS第7-8页
TABLE OF CONTENTS第8-10页
LIST OF FIGURES第10-13页
LIST OF TABLES第13-14页
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION第14-16页
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW第16-38页
    2.1) The issues concerning agricultural residues第16-21页
    2.2) The possible alternatives to burning seed-flax residues第21-25页
    2.3) A promising alternative:green composites第25-28页
    2.4) The current use of flax fibers in composites第28-31页
    2.5) Composites made from agricultural residues第31-33页
    2.6) Thermoplastics as matrix for wood composites:characteristics and manufacture第33-37页
    2.7) Summary第37-38页
CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS第38-72页
    3.1) EXPERIMENTAL PROCESS第38-49页
        3.1.1) Materials第38-40页
            a) Seed-flax第38-39页
            b) Polymers第39-40页
        3.1.2) Preparation of reinforcement第40-43页
            a) Cutting第40-41页
            b) Washing, peeling, and drying第41-43页
        3.1.3) Preparation of matrix第43-44页
        3.1.4) Making of composites:thermocompression第44-48页
        3.1.5) Recap diagram第48-49页
    3.2) TESTING第49-53页
        3.2.1) Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)第49-50页
        3.2.2) Measure of thickness第50页
        3.2.3) Tensile and three point bending tests第50-53页
            a) Preparation of samples第50-51页
            b) Procedure第51-53页
    3.3) IMPROVEMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE第53-72页
        3.3.1) Problems encountered with the compression molder第54-59页
            a) Test in an oven第54-55页
            b) Test with another compression molder第55-59页
        3.3.2) From PP to LDPE第59页
        3.3.3) Enhancing the settings第59-63页
            a) Temperature第59-62页
            b) Pressure第62页
            c) Time第62页
            d) Summary:the best settings第62-63页
        3.3.4) Four major improvements第63-72页
            a) Improvement 1:Modification of compression(reinforcement and composites)第63-65页
            b) Improvement 2:Change of release film and use of a release agent第65-66页
            c) Improvement 3:Use of Kevlar threads to maintain reinforcement pieces第66-67页
            d) Improvement 4:Use of a mold第67-72页
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION第72-92页
    4.1) COMPOSITES MORPHOLOGY第72-75页
        4.1.1) WOOD/STEM第72-73页
        4.1.2) Laminae/Laminates第73-74页
        4.1.3) PP/LDPE第74页
        4.1.4) Quantity of reinforcement第74-75页
    4.2) TENSILE TESTS第75-87页
        4.2.1) Reinforcements and polymers第75-78页
            a) Reinforcements第75-77页
            b) Polymers第77-78页
        4.2.2) Composites第78-87页
            a) Results第78-84页
            b) Sample Fracture第84-87页
    4.3) THREE POINT BENDING TESTS第87-92页
        4.3.1) Results第87-89页
        4.3.2) Sample fracture第89-92页
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION第92-94页
REFERENCES第94-100页
APPENDICES第100-103页

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