| Abstract | 第1-7页 |
| 中文摘要 | 第7-9页 |
| Abbreviations | 第9-11页 |
| Brief Review Embryonic heart development,congenital heart disease,and Smad dependentTGF-β/BMP signaling | 第11-47页 |
| 1. Embryonic heart development | 第12-23页 |
| ·Cardiogenic induction | 第14-15页 |
| ·Heart tube formation and looping | 第15-16页 |
| ·Chamber specification | 第16-20页 |
| ·Heart valve formation | 第20-21页 |
| ·Conduction system and coronary vasculature | 第21-23页 |
| 2. Congenital heart disease | 第23-28页 |
| ·Human congenital heart diseases | 第23-24页 |
| ·Genetic causes of CHD | 第24-26页 |
| ·Animal models for studying human CHDs | 第26-28页 |
| 3 TGF-β/BMP signaling,Smad4 and heart development | 第28-37页 |
| ·TGF-β/BMP-Smad signaling pathway | 第29-33页 |
| ·ROle of TGF-β/BMP-Smad signaling in heart development | 第33-35页 |
| ·Smad4 function in development and pathology | 第35-37页 |
| Conclusion | 第37-38页 |
| Reference | 第38-47页 |
| Chapter 1 Cardiomyocyte specific Smad4-deficent embryos developed mid-gestation heartdefects due to decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation | 第47-73页 |
| Introduction | 第48-50页 |
| Materials and methods | 第50-54页 |
| Results | 第54-64页 |
| 1. α-SMA-Cre mediated recombination in cardiomyocytes at mid-gestation | 第54-55页 |
| 2. Disruption of Smad4 in embryonic cardiomyocytes resulted in mid-gestational lethality | 第55-58页 |
| 3. Defective ventricular trabecular myocardium and interventricular septum in Smad4 mutant embryonic hearts | 第58-61页 |
| 4. Defective cardiomyocyte proliferation in Smad4 mutant embryos | 第61-63页 |
| 5. Blood vessel integrity was not affected in Smad4 mutant embryos | 第63-64页 |
| Discussion | 第64-69页 |
| Reference | 第69-73页 |
| Chapter 2 Cardiomyocyte specific Smad4-deficent embryos showed impaired cardiomyocytedifferentiation and altered BMP-Smad signaling | 第73-93页 |
| Introduction | 第74-76页 |
| Materials and methods | 第76-81页 |
| Results | 第81-87页 |
| 1. Smad4 mutant embryos showed decreased expression of contractility marker proteins | 第81-83页 |
| 2. Elevated expression of BMP 10 and altered activity of R-Smads in Smad4 mutant hearts | 第83-85页 |
| 3. Altered expression of critical cardiac transcription factors in Smad4 mutant hearts | 第85-87页 |
| Discussion | 第87-90页 |
| Reference | 第90-93页 |
| 致谢 | 第93-94页 |
| Publication | 第94-96页 |
