| 摘要 | 第3-9页 |
| Abstract | 第9-17页 |
| Chapter Ⅰ Rview on toxic mechanisms of organophosphate insecticidestowards non-target aquatilia | 第21-39页 |
| 1.1 Summary of OPs | 第23-24页 |
| 1.1.1 Physical and chemical properties of OPs | 第23-24页 |
| 1.1.2 The mechanism of OPs towards non-target organisms | 第24页 |
| 1.2 The toxic mechanisms of OPs towards non-target aquatilia | 第24-32页 |
| 1.2.1 The toxic effects of OPs towards non-target aquatilia | 第24-26页 |
| 1.2.2 Neurotoxicity and behaviors effect of OPs | 第26-27页 |
| 1.2.3 Endocrine, reproductive and developmental disruption effects of OPs | 第27-29页 |
| 1.2.4 Oxidative stress and histopathological responses of OPs | 第29-31页 |
| 1.2.5 Genotoxic effects and DNA damage of OPs | 第31-32页 |
| 1.2.6 Immunological responses of OPs | 第32页 |
| 1.3 Toxic mechanisms of OPs towards non-target aquatilia | 第32-35页 |
| 1.4 Studies of amphibians in ecotoxicology | 第35-36页 |
| 1.5 The purpose and significance of this study | 第36-39页 |
| Chapter Ⅱ Evaluation of toxic and genotoxic effects of low doses oftrichlorfon on Rana chensinensis tadpoles | 第39-53页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第39-40页 |
| 2.2 Materials and methods | 第40-42页 |
| 2.2.1 Experimental animals and treatments | 第40页 |
| 2.2.2 Tests of survival, growth, development and abnormalities | 第40-41页 |
| 2.2.3 Tests for micronucleus formation and nuclear abnormalities | 第41页 |
| 2.2.4 Single-cell gel electrophoresis assay | 第41-42页 |
| 2.2.5 DNA ladder assay | 第42页 |
| 2.2.6 Statistical analysis | 第42页 |
| 2.3 Results | 第42-49页 |
| 2.3.1 Analysis of survival, growth, development and morphological abnormalities | 第42-45页 |
| 2.3.2 Micronuclei assay | 第45-47页 |
| 2.3.3 DNA damage induced by trichlorfon | 第47-48页 |
| 2.3.4 DNA fragmentation induced by trichlorfon | 第48-49页 |
| 2.4 Discussion | 第49-52页 |
| 2.5 Conclusion | 第52-53页 |
| Chapter Ⅲ Oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in the frog, Ranachensinensis, when exposed to low doses of trichlorfon | 第53-67页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第53-55页 |
| 3.2 Materials and methods | 第55-58页 |
| 3.2.1 Chemicals and reagents | 第55页 |
| 3.2.2 Animals and treatments | 第55-56页 |
| 3.2.3 Biological assays | 第56-57页 |
| 3.2.4 Pathological analysis | 第57页 |
| 3.2.5 Statistical analysis | 第57-58页 |
| 3.3 Results | 第58-63页 |
| 3.3.1 Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity | 第58-61页 |
| 3.3.2 Histocytopathological analysis | 第61-63页 |
| 3.4 Discussion | 第63-66页 |
| 3.5 Conclusion | 第66-67页 |
| Chapter Ⅳ Transcriptome analysis of Rana chensinensis liver undertrichlorfon stress | 第67-81页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第67-68页 |
| 4.2 Materials and methods | 第68-70页 |
| 4.2.1 Animals and treatments | 第68-69页 |
| 4.2.2 RNA isolation and deep sequencing | 第69-70页 |
| 4.2.3 Bioinformatics analysis | 第70页 |
| 4.3 Results | 第70-78页 |
| 4.3.1 Sequencing and de novo assembly | 第70-73页 |
| 4.3.2 Functional annotation of unigenes | 第73-77页 |
| 4.3.3 KEGG pathway analysis | 第77-78页 |
| 4.4 Discussion | 第78-80页 |
| 4.5 Conclusion | 第80-81页 |
| Chapter Ⅴ Identification and validation of DEGs induced by trichlorfonstress in Rana chensinensis Liver | 第81-91页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第81-82页 |
| 5.2 Materials and methods | 第82-84页 |
| 5.2.1 Animals and treatments | 第82-83页 |
| 5.2.2 Identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) | 第83页 |
| 5.2.3 Validation of RNA-seq profiles by qPCR | 第83-84页 |
| 5.3 Results | 第84-88页 |
| 5.3.1 Identification of DEGs induced by trichlorfon stress | 第84-86页 |
| 5.3.2 Validation of RNA-seq profiles by qPCR | 第86-88页 |
| 5.4 Discussion | 第88-89页 |
| 5.5 Conclusion | 第89-91页 |
| Chapter Ⅵ Summary and conclusions | 第91-93页 |
| References | 第93-105页 |
| Supporting information | 第105-109页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第109-111页 |
| Publications | 第111页 |
