| DELEGATION | 第5-6页 |
| CERTIFICATION | 第6-8页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第8-10页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第10-14页 |
| Chapter 1.Introduction | 第19-25页 |
| 1.1 Background | 第19-24页 |
| 1.2 Research objectives | 第24-25页 |
| Chapter 2.Literature review | 第25-48页 |
| 2.1 Diapause as specific sub-type of dormancy | 第25页 |
| 2.2 Two variations on the theme of diapause | 第25-26页 |
| 2.3 Eco-physiological phases of insect diapause | 第26-34页 |
| 2.3.1 Pre-diapause | 第26-29页 |
| 2.3.1.1 Induction phase | 第26-28页 |
| 2.3.1.2 Preparation phase | 第28-29页 |
| 2.3.2 Diapause | 第29-33页 |
| 2.3.2.1 Initiations | 第29-30页 |
| 2.3.2.2 Maintenance | 第30-31页 |
| 2.3.2.3 Termination | 第31-33页 |
| 2.3.3 Post-diapause | 第33-34页 |
| 2.4 Regulation of diapause | 第34-42页 |
| 2.4.1 Regulation by external factors | 第34-40页 |
| 2.4.1.1 Photoperiod | 第34-37页 |
| 2.4.1.1.1 The photosensitive phase | 第36页 |
| 2.4.1.1.2 The brain as photoreceptor and programmable center | 第36-37页 |
| 2.4.1.2 Temperature and thermoperiod | 第37-39页 |
| 2.4.1.3 Other possible diapause-inducing agents | 第39-40页 |
| 2.4.2 Regulation by endogenous factors | 第40-42页 |
| 2.4.2.1 Maternal control | 第40-41页 |
| 2.4.2.2 Endocrine regulators | 第41-42页 |
| 2.5 Diapause and insect mass rearing | 第42-44页 |
| 2.6 The physiology of cold hardiness in insects | 第44-45页 |
| 2.7 Introduction to study insects | 第45-48页 |
| 2.7.1 Cotesia plutellae | 第45-46页 |
| 2.7.2 Diamondback moth(DBM) | 第46-48页 |
| Chapter 3.General materials and methods | 第48-53页 |
| 3.1 Insect species and host plants | 第48-50页 |
| 3.1.1 Plutella xylostella | 第48-49页 |
| 3.1.2 Parasitoid | 第49-50页 |
| 3.1.3 Cabbage plant | 第50页 |
| 3.2 Experimental insects | 第50页 |
| 3.3 Determination of diapause status | 第50-51页 |
| 3.4 Temperature-and light-controlled rooms and electric incubators | 第51-53页 |
| Chapter 4.Diapause induction and its critical photoperiodic response in two populations of Cotesia plutellae | 第53-72页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第53-56页 |
| 4.2 Materials and methods | 第56-59页 |
| 4.2.1 Plant and insect species | 第56页 |
| 4.2.2 Experimental insects | 第56页 |
| 4.2.3 Determination of diapause status | 第56页 |
| 4.2.4 Diapause induction and its critical day length | 第56-57页 |
| 4.2.5 Temperature effect on diapause induction | 第57页 |
| 4.2.6 Determination of diapause sensitive life stage of C.plutellae | 第57-59页 |
| 4.2.7 Statistical analysis | 第59页 |
| 4.3 Results | 第59-66页 |
| 4.3.1 Response of southern population (Cotesia plutellae) to diapause inducing conditions | 第59-61页 |
| 4.3.2 Variation in diapause feature between two populations and its critical photoperiod | 第61-63页 |
| 4.3.3 Effects of temperature on diapause induction | 第63-64页 |
| 4.3.4 Diapause sensitive life stage of C.plutellae | 第64-66页 |
| 4.5 Discussion | 第66-72页 |
| 4.5.1 Response of southern population of Cotesia plutellae to diapause induction | 第66-67页 |
| 4.5.2 Variations in diapause induction and critical photoperiod between two populations | 第67-70页 |
| 4.5.3 Sensitive life stage for diapause induction | 第70-72页 |
| Chapter 5.Maternal induction of larval diapause and its sensitive stage | 第72-88页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第72-74页 |
| 5.2 Material and methods | 第74-78页 |
| 5.2.1 Insect cultures and host plants | 第74页 |
| 5.2.2 Experimental insects | 第74页 |
| 5.2.3 Determination of diapause status | 第74页 |
| 5.2.4 Effect of parental photoperiodical experience on critical day length for diapause induction | 第74-75页 |
| 5.2.5 Effects of each parent on diapause incidence (reciprocal crosses) | 第75-76页 |
| 5.2.6 Determination of the maternal sensitive stage | 第76-77页 |
| 5.2.7 Statistical analysis | 第77-78页 |
| 5.3 Results | 第78-84页 |
| 5.3.1 Effect of parental photoperiod on diapause induction | 第78-79页 |
| 5.3.2 Effect of each parent in diapause incidence (reciprocal crosses) | 第79-82页 |
| 5.3.3 Maternal sensitive stage for diapause induction | 第82-84页 |
| 5.4 Discussion | 第84-88页 |
| 5.4.1 Effect of parental photoperiod on Progeny's diapause induction | 第84-86页 |
| 5.4.2 Effect of each parent in diapause incidence (reciprocal crosses) | 第86页 |
| 5.4.3 Maternal sensitive stage for diapause induction | 第86-88页 |
| Chapter 6.Effect of cold storage on some biological parameters of two populations of Cotesia plutellae | 第88-123页 |
| 6.1 Introduction | 第88-93页 |
| 6.2 Materials and methods | 第93-101页 |
| 6.2.1 Insect cultures and host plants | 第93页 |
| 6.2.2 Experimental insects | 第93页 |
| 6.2.3 Determination of diapause status | 第93页 |
| 6.2.4 Treatments | 第93-94页 |
| 6.2.5 Assessment of cold storage effects on survival and development | 第94-95页 |
| 6.2.6 Assessment of cold storage effects on parasitoids reproductive capacity | 第95页 |
| 6.2.7 Emergence rate after exposure to -15℃ (Cold shock treatments) | 第95-96页 |
| 6.2.8 Determinations of dry weight,water and fat contents | 第96页 |
| 6.2.9 Determinations of total sugars,trehalose and glycogen contents | 第96-99页 |
| 6.2.9.1 Preperation of the reagents | 第96-97页 |
| 6.2.9.1.1 0.2% Anthrone | 第96页 |
| 6.2.9.1.2 10% Trichloroacetic acid | 第96页 |
| 6.2.9.1.3 0.15 mol/L Sulfuric acid | 第96页 |
| 6.2.9.1.4 30% Potassium hydroxide | 第96-97页 |
| 6.2.9.1.5 Glucose standard | 第97页 |
| 6.2.9.2 Establishment of standard curve | 第97页 |
| 6.2.9.3 Preparation of the insect materials | 第97页 |
| 6.2.9.4 Determination of total sugar content | 第97-98页 |
| 6.2.9.5 Determinations of trehalose content | 第98-99页 |
| 6.2.9.6 Determinations of glycogen content | 第99页 |
| 6.2.10 Diapause termination (Treatments of diapause larvae in the cocoons) | 第99-100页 |
| 6.2.10.1 Chilling | 第99页 |
| 6.2.10.2 Hexane | 第99-100页 |
| 6.2.10.3 High temperature | 第100页 |
| 6.2.11 Statistical analysis | 第100-101页 |
| 6.3 Results | 第101-113页 |
| 6.3.1 Assessment of cold storage effects on survival and development | 第101-105页 |
| 6.3.1.1 Effect on survival | 第101页 |
| 6.3.1.2 Effect on adult emergence | 第101-102页 |
| 6.3.1.3 Effect on developmental period and emergence synchrony | 第102-105页 |
| 6.3.1.4 Effect on longevity and female percentage of the resultant adults | 第105页 |
| 6.3.1.5 Proportion of deformed adults from diapausing larvae | 第105页 |
| 6.3.2 Assessment of cold storage effects on parasitoids reproductive capacity | 第105-106页 |
| 6.3.3 Adult emergence after exposure to subzero (-15℃) temperature | 第106-108页 |
| 6.3.4 Physiological and biochemical parameters during diapause | 第108-112页 |
| 6.3.5 Diapause termination | 第112-113页 |
| 6.3.5.1 Exposure to n-hexane | 第112-113页 |
| 6.3.5.2 Exposure to high temperature | 第113页 |
| 6.4 Discussion | 第113-123页 |
| 6.4.1 Assessment of cold storage on survival,development and reproductive capacity | 第113-116页 |
| 6.4.2 Changes of physiological parameters during larval diapause | 第116-119页 |
| 6.4.3 Diapause intensity | 第119-120页 |
| 6.4.4 Survival at subzero temperature | 第120-121页 |
| 6.4.5 Relationships between diapause intensity,potential for low-temperature storage and survival at subzero temperatures | 第121-122页 |
| 6.4.6 Diapause termination | 第122-123页 |
| Refrences | 第123-146页 |
| List of publications | 第146页 |
