| Abstract | 第6-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第8-9页 |
| Abbreviations | 第9-12页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第12-19页 |
| 1.1 Genetic Engineering for Transgene Excision from Pollen and Seed | 第12-16页 |
| 1.1.1 Biosafety Concerns of Genetically Modified Crops | 第12-13页 |
| 1.1.2 Gene Confinement Strategies | 第13-14页 |
| 1.1.3 Evaluation of GM-Gene-Deletor Technology in Citrus Model Genotypes | 第14-16页 |
| 1.2 Codon Usage Bias in Plants | 第16-19页 |
| 1.2.1 Codon Usage and GC Composition | 第16-17页 |
| 1.2.2 Evaluation of Codon Biology in Citrus species and Poncirus trifoliata | 第17-19页 |
| 2 Review of Literature | 第19-48页 |
| 2.1 Transgene Containment Strategies for Transgenic Plants | 第19-21页 |
| 2.2 Factors Affecting Codon Usage Bias | 第21-30页 |
| 2.2.1 Mutational Biases | 第22-23页 |
| 2.2.2 Selection | 第23-24页 |
| 2.2.3 Mutation-Selection-Drift Balance Model | 第24-25页 |
| 2.2.4 Codon Usage and GC Variation | 第25-30页 |
| 2.3 Codon Usage Bias:Systemic Application for Enhanced Gene Expression in Plants | 第30-44页 |
| 2.4 Quantifying Codon Usage Bias | 第44-48页 |
| 3 Materials and Methods | 第48-56页 |
| 3.1 Evaluation of GM-Gene-Deletor Technology in Citrus Model Genotypes | 第48-51页 |
| 3.1.1 Plant Materials and Culture Media | 第48页 |
| 3.1.2 Transformation and Regeneration | 第48-49页 |
| 3.1.3 Shoot Tip Grafting | 第49-50页 |
| 3.1.4 DNA Extraction | 第50页 |
| 3.1.5 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis | 第50-51页 |
| 3.2 Evaluation of Codon Biology in Citrus species and P. trifoliata | 第51-56页 |
| 3.2.1 Sequence Collection and Frame Correction | 第51页 |
| 3.2.2 Calculation of Codon Usage Indices | 第51-54页 |
| 3.2.2.1 Indices of codon usage and correspondence analysis | 第51-53页 |
| 3.2.2.2 Identification of optimal codons | 第53-54页 |
| 3.2.3 Calculation of GC variation across Citrus species and P. trifoliata | 第54-55页 |
| 3.2.3.1 Sequence filtering and GC variation | 第54页 |
| 3.2.3.2 GO and stress-associated annotation, Hamming parameter and co-evolution of amino acid composition | 第54-55页 |
| 3.2.4 Statistical Analysis | 第55-56页 |
| 4 Results and Discussion | 第56-90页 |
| 4.1 Evaluation of GM-Gene-Deletor Technology in Citrus Model Genotypes | 第56-60页 |
| 4.1.1 Regeneration Efficiency of Precocious Trifoliate Orange and Kumquat | 第56-57页 |
| 4.1.2 Transformation Efficiency of Precocious Trifoliate Orange and Kumquat | 第57-60页 |
| 4.2 Evaluation of Codon Biology in Citrus species and P. trifoliata | 第60-90页 |
| 4.2.1 Sequence Conservation and Distribution across Citrus species and P. trifoliata | 第60-65页 |
| 4.2.2 Genomics Heterogeneity among Citrus species and Poncirus trifoliata | 第65-71页 |
| 4.2.3 Optimal Codon Conservation across Citrus species and Poncirus trifoliata | 第71-76页 |
| 4.2.4 Patterns of GC variation across Citrus species and Poncirus trifoliata | 第76-90页 |
| 5 Future Directions Based on Present Research | 第90-92页 |
| References | 第92-116页 |
| List of Publications | 第116-117页 |
| Acknowledgments | 第117-118页 |
