| Acknowledgements | 第6-7页 |
| Brief Introduction of Supervisor and Author | 第7-14页 |
| Abstract | 第14页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第15-17页 |
| 1.1 Scope and Aim of the Thesis | 第16页 |
| 1.2 Preparation of Catalysts | 第16页 |
| 1.3 Analysis of the Synthesized Catalysts | 第16页 |
| 1.4 Application of The Synthesised Catalysts in Aldol Condensation | 第16-17页 |
| 2. Literature Survey | 第17-34页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第17-18页 |
| 2.2 Synthesis of Hydroxyl Methyl Furfural (HMF) | 第18-22页 |
| 2.2.1 Synthesis of Fuel Intermediates and Transportation Fuel from HMF | 第19-22页 |
| 2.3 Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) | 第22-26页 |
| 2.3.1 Synthesis of LDH | 第24-26页 |
| 2.4 Materials Obtained from LDH | 第26-27页 |
| 2.4.1 Mixed Metal Oxides | 第26-27页 |
| 2.4.2 Rehydrated LDH | 第27页 |
| 2.5 The Application Of LDH as Catalysts for Producing Biofuels | 第27-28页 |
| 2.6 Aldol Condensation Catalysed by LDH | 第28-34页 |
| 3. Materials and Methods | 第34-41页 |
| 3.1 Preparation of Catalyst | 第34-35页 |
| 3.1.1 Preparation of Mg-Al LDH by Urea Preparation Method | 第34-35页 |
| 3.1.2 Preparation of (4:1)of Zn-Al, Ni-Al and Mg-Al-Zr(0.05)LDH by Thermodynamic Titration Method | 第35页 |
| 3.1.3 Preparation of Layered Double Oxide (LDO) | 第35页 |
| 3.1.4 Aldol Condensation Reaction of Hydroxyl Methyl Furan (HMF) and Acetone | 第35页 |
| 3.2 Analytical Methods | 第35-38页 |
| 3.2.1 BET (Brunauer Emmett Teller) | 第35-36页 |
| 3.2.2 Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) | 第36页 |
| 3.2.3 Thermo Gravimetric Analysis | 第36-37页 |
| 3.2.4 Powder XRD | 第37页 |
| 3.2.5 Scanning Electron Microscope | 第37-38页 |
| 3.2.6 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) | 第38页 |
| 3.3 Chemical Characterisation of the Catalysts | 第38-41页 |
| 3.3.1 Gas Chromatography (GC) | 第38-39页 |
| 3.3.2 Nuclear Magnetic Spectroscopy (NMR) | 第39-41页 |
| 4. Results and Discussion | 第41-68页 |
| 4.1 Synthesis of the Layered Double Hydroxides | 第41页 |
| 4.2 Thermal Decomposition of LDH | 第41-45页 |
| 4.3 Reformation of The Mixed Metal Oxides to Layered Double Hydroxides | 第45-46页 |
| The FT-IR Spectra | 第45-46页 |
| 4.4 The Surface Properties and Morphology | 第46-68页 |
| 4.4.1 The Analysis of LDH by SEM | 第46-49页 |
| 4.4.2 Elemental Analysis | 第49-50页 |
| 4.4.3 The Elemental Analysis of Zr-Mg-Al -LDO in Absence of Oxygen | 第50页 |
| 4.4.4 The Analysis of LDH by BET and BJH | 第50-52页 |
| 4.4.5 The Analysis of LDH by TPD | 第52-55页 |
| 4.4.6 The Analysis of LDH By Powdered XRD | 第55-57页 |
| 4.4.7 The Analysis of LDH by TEM | 第57-68页 |
| 5. Conclusion | 第68-69页 |
| 6. Reference | 第69-74页 |
| 7. Appendix | 第74-77页 |
| 附件 | 第77-78页 |
