| 摘要 | 第6-7页 |
| Abstract | 第7-8页 |
| Abbreviations | 第18-19页 |
| CHAPTER 1.General Introduction | 第19-37页 |
| 1.1 The importance of pollinators | 第19-26页 |
| 1.1.1 Declining of pollinators | 第23-25页 |
| 1.1.2 Driving factors of pollinators decline | 第25-26页 |
| 1.2 Bumblebee species | 第26-28页 |
| 1.3 Declining of bumblebee species | 第28-29页 |
| 1.4 Factors of bumblebees declining | 第29-33页 |
| 1.4.1 Agriculture practices responsible for the bumblebee decline | 第30-31页 |
| 1.4.2.Non-native species responsible for the bumblebee decline | 第31-32页 |
| 1.4.3 Environmental stresses responsible for the bumblebee decline | 第32-33页 |
| 1.5 Conservation of bumblebee species | 第33-37页 |
| 1.5.1 Nature reserve | 第33页 |
| 1.5.2 Keep pollinators habitats with margin for wild flowers in crop lands | 第33-34页 |
| 1.5.3 Reduce pesticides using | 第34页 |
| 1.5.4 Geographical Information Systems(GIS) &species distribution modelling(SDM)as tools for risk analysis and conservation | 第34-37页 |
| CHAPTER 2 Distribution patterns and indicator species identification of bumblebee species of China | 第37-51页 |
| 2.1.Summary | 第37页 |
| 2.2.Introduction | 第37-38页 |
| 2.3.Objectives | 第38页 |
| 2.4.Materials and Methods | 第38-41页 |
| 2.4.1.Study region and bumblebee species | 第38-39页 |
| 2.4.2.Climatic and topographical variables | 第39-40页 |
| 2.4.3.Statistical analysis | 第40-41页 |
| 2.4.4.Habitat suitability modelling to facilitate surveying the indicator species | 第41页 |
| 2.5.Results | 第41-48页 |
| 2.5.1.Species composition and variable characteristics | 第41页 |
| 2.5.2.Bumblebee species biogeographical regions | 第41-44页 |
| 2.5.3.Relative influences of climatic and topographical drivers on bioregionalization | 第44-45页 |
| 2.5.4.Indicator species identification | 第45-47页 |
| 2.5.5.Habitat suitability modelling to facilitate surveying the indicator species | 第47-48页 |
| 2.6.Discussion | 第48-50页 |
| 2.7 Conclusion | 第50-51页 |
| CHAPTER 3.Threat assessment of the invasive European bumblebee Bombus terrestris with habitat overlapping to East Asian bumblebees | 第51-69页 |
| 3.1.Summary | 第51页 |
| 3.2.Introduction | 第51-52页 |
| 3.3.Materials and methods | 第52-55页 |
| 3.3.1 Modelled species | 第52-54页 |
| 3.3.2 Environmental layers and modelling procedures | 第54-55页 |
| 3.3.3 Assessment of overlapping habitats | 第55页 |
| 3.4.Results | 第55-66页 |
| 3.4.1.Modelling accuracy | 第55-56页 |
| 3.4.2.Potential distributions of bumblebee species | 第56-60页 |
| 3.4.3.Habitat overlap risk analysis | 第60-66页 |
| 3.5 Discussion | 第66-68页 |
| 3.6 Conclusion | 第68-69页 |
| CHAPTER 4.Threat assessment of future climate and land covers changes to East Asian bumblebees | 第69-88页 |
| 4.1.Summary | 第69页 |
| 4.2.Introduction | 第69-70页 |
| 4.3.Materials and methods | 第70-74页 |
| 4.3.1.Modelling procedures and bioclimatic variables | 第70-72页 |
| 4.3.2.Land cover identification and future changes | 第72-73页 |
| 4.3.3.Distribution response to future climate and land cover changes | 第73-74页 |
| 4.3.4.Species richness calculation | 第74页 |
| 4.4.Results | 第74-84页 |
| 4.4.1.Modelling accuracy | 第74-75页 |
| 4.4.2.Dominant land covers within current ranges and predicted land cover changes | 第75-78页 |
| 4.4.3.Distributional response of endemic bumblebee species | 第78-84页 |
| 4.5.Discussion | 第84-87页 |
| 4.5.1.Classification of bumblebee land cover groups | 第84-86页 |
| 4.5.2.Conservation strategies for endemic bumblebee species | 第86-87页 |
| 4.6.Conclusion | 第87-88页 |
| CHAPTER5.General conclusions | 第88-90页 |
| REFERENCES | 第90-106页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 第106-108页 |
| CURRICULUM VITAE | 第108-110页 |
