| 中文摘要 | 第6-8页 |
| Abstract | 第8-9页 |
| List of abbreviation | 第13-16页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction and review of literature | 第16-37页 |
| 1.1 Cotton Aphid | 第16-19页 |
| 1.1.1 The life cycle of A.gossypii | 第16-17页 |
| 1.1.2 Damage symptoms and distribution hosts | 第17-18页 |
| 1.1.3 Development stages and spread of A.gossypii | 第18页 |
| 1.1.4 History of chemical control of A.gossypii | 第18-19页 |
| 1.2 Physical properties of spray chemicals | 第19-24页 |
| 1.2.1 Spray droplet size | 第19-20页 |
| 1.2.2 Surface tension of spray solutions | 第20-21页 |
| 1.2.3 The viscosity of spray solutions | 第21-22页 |
| 1.2.4 Contact angel of spray droplets | 第22-24页 |
| 1.3 Pesticides | 第24-30页 |
| 1.3.1 Neonicotinoid insecticides | 第24-26页 |
| 1.3.2 Biocidal radiuses | 第26页 |
| 1.3.3 Biological efficacy | 第26-28页 |
| 1.3.4 Translocation,and translaminar properties of pesticides | 第28-29页 |
| 1.3.5 Pesticide application process | 第29-30页 |
| 1.3.6 Importance of pest targeting | 第30页 |
| 1.3.7 Overview | 第30页 |
| 1.4 Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) | 第30-36页 |
| 1.4.1 Unmanned aerial vehicle speed errors | 第32-33页 |
| 1.4.2 Spray drift and its related factors | 第33-34页 |
| 1.4.3 Drift reduction measures and Integrated Pest Management(IPM) | 第34-36页 |
| 1.5 Objectives | 第36-37页 |
| CHAPTER 2 Effect of spray adjuvants on viscosity,surface tension,droplet size,and contact angel of insecticides | 第37-50页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第37-39页 |
| 2.2 Material and method | 第39-42页 |
| 2.2.1 Insecticides and Adjuvant | 第39页 |
| 2.2.2 Surface tension and viscosity | 第39页 |
| 2.2.3 Droplet size spectra | 第39-40页 |
| 2.2.4 Contact angle assessment | 第40-42页 |
| 2.3 Results | 第42-47页 |
| 2.3.1 Impact of adjuvants on spray droplet size | 第42页 |
| 2.3.2 Effect of DRS-60 and GT-360 on the viscosity of aqueous solutions containing 0.05%triton X-100 | 第42-44页 |
| 2.3.3 Effect of adjuvant DRS-60 and GT-360 on surface tension(mNm~(-1)) | 第44-45页 |
| 2.3.4 Effect of adjuvant DRS-60 and GT-360 on contact angel[~。] | 第45-47页 |
| 2.4 Discussion | 第47-49页 |
| 2.5 Conclusions | 第49-50页 |
| Chapter 3 Biocidal radiuses of five different insecticides,with and without adjuvants droplets controlling against Aphis gossypii using Potter spray tower | 第50-75页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第50-52页 |
| 3.2 Material and Method | 第52-55页 |
| 3.2.1 Insects and insecticides | 第52页 |
| 3.2.2 Topical bioassays | 第52-53页 |
| 3.2.3 Spray deposit assessment of Potter spray tower(PST) | 第53页 |
| 3.2.4 Glass vial technique(GVT) | 第53-54页 |
| 3.2.5 Statistical analysis | 第54-55页 |
| 3.3 RESULTS | 第55-71页 |
| 3.3.1 Toxicity of five different insecticides on mortality of A.gossypii | 第55页 |
| 3.3.2 The LN_(50) and r_(50) of sulfoxaflor associated with adjuvants sprayed by PST | 第55-58页 |
| 3.3.3 The LN_(50) and r_(50) of cycloxaprid with and without adjuvants sprayed by PST | 第58-61页 |
| 3.3.4 LN_(50） and r(50) of imidacloprid with and without adjuvants sprayed by PST | 第61-65页 |
| 3.3.5 LN_(50) and r_(50) of matrine with and without adjuvants sprayed by PST | 第65-67页 |
| 3.3.6 Effect of lambda-cyhalothrin on LN_(50) and r_(50)of droplets associated with adjuvants | 第67-71页 |
| 3.4 Discussion | 第71-74页 |
| 3.5 Conclusion | 第74-75页 |
| Chapter 4 The spectral biocidal radiuses of different insecticides with and without adjuvant droplets against Aphis gossypii,using an unmanned aerial vehicle | 第75-88页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第75-77页 |
| 4.2 Material and method | 第77-79页 |
| 4.2.1 Insects | 第77页 |
| 4.2.2 Insecticides and spray adjuvants | 第77页 |
| 4.2.3 Experiment Locations | 第77页 |
| 4.2.4 Spray deposit assessment of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) | 第77-78页 |
| 4.2.5 Statistical analysis | 第78-79页 |
| 4.3 Results | 第79-85页 |
| 4.3.1 The relationship between droplet density and mortality of A.gossypii | 第79-81页 |
| 4.3.2 The LN_(50) and r_(50) of droplets associated with adjuvant DRS-60 | 第81-83页 |
| 4.3.3 The ratio of r_(50)/Dv0.5 with and without adjuvant DRS-60 | 第83-85页 |
| 4.4 Discussion | 第85-87页 |
| 4.5 Conclusions | 第87-88页 |
| Chapter 5 Conclusions | 第88-89页 |
| References | 第89-110页 |
| 致谢(Acknowledgement) | 第110-111页 |
| Author's Biography | 第111-114页 |
