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巴基斯坦与世界其他地区双边贸易与贸易潜力的决定因素--基于面板引力模型方法

摘要第5-8页
Abstract第8-10页
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT第11-19页
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS第19-21页
1 INTRODUCTION第21-39页
    1.1 Background of the study第21-26页
    1.2 Current scenario第26-30页
    1.3 Statement of the problem第30-32页
    1.4 Rationale of the study第32-33页
    1.5 Aims and objectives of the study第33-34页
    1.6 Research hypotheses第34-35页
    1.7 Novelty of the study第35-36页
    1.8 Significance of the study第36-37页
    1.9 Limitation and delimitations of the study第37页
    1.10 Organization of the study第37-39页
2 LITERATURE REVIEW第39-63页
    2.1 Refinements in international trade theory第39-45页
        2.1.1 Classical or country-based theory of international trade第39-44页
            2.1.1.1 Improvements in classical theory of international trade第40-41页
            2.1.1.2 Opportunity cost theory第41页
            2.1.1.3 The prebish-singer paradigm第41-42页
            2.1.1.4 Factor Endowment Theory or Heckscher-Ohlin Theory第42页
            2.1.1.5 Leontief paradox第42-43页
            2.1.1.6 Technological gaps and product cycle第43-44页
            2.1.1.7 Availability and non-availability of goods第44页
        2.1.2 Modern or firm-based trade theories第44-45页
    2.2 Literature review on export competitiveness and revealed comparative Advantage第45-49页
    2.3 Literature review on gravity model of trade第49-61页
        2.3.1 Fundamental to modern formation第49-56页
        2.3.2 Studies on Pakistan第56-61页
    2.4 Conclusion第61-63页
3 THE PERFORMANCE OF PAKISTAN'S EXTERNAL SECTOR AND DETERMINANTS OF EXPORTS COMPETITIVENESS第63-100页
    3.1 A Factual overview of Pakistan's economy第63-68页
    3.2 Liberalization of trade in Pakistan and tariff reform第68-72页
    3.3 Assessment of Degree of Globalization第72-73页
    3.4 The Performance of External Sector第73-88页
        3.4.1 Product Composition of Pakistan's Exports第75-78页
        3.4.2 Pakistan's Exports Geographical Composition第78-82页
        3.4.3 Product Composition of Pakistan's Imports第82-86页
        3.4.4 Pakistan's Imports Geographical Composition第86-88页
    3.5 Determinants of Exports Competitiveness第88-89页
    3.6 Measuring Revealed Comparative Advantage of External Sector of Pakistan第89-98页
        3.6.1 Introduction第89-91页
        3.6.2 Theoretical Foundation of Revealed Comparative Advantage第91-94页
        3.6.3 Data Source and Methodology第94页
        3.6.4 Results of Revealed Comparative Advantage第94-98页
    3.7 Conclusion第98-100页
4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN第100-143页
    4.1 Introduction第100-102页
    4.2 Structural Gravity:from Theory to Empirics第102-109页
        4.2.1 Origins of the Gravity Model第106-107页
        4.2.2 Standard Specification of Gravity Equation第107-109页
    4.3 Specification of Variables第109-124页
        4.3.1 Merchandise Exports第109页
        4.3.2 Merchandise Imports第109-110页
        4.3.3 Total Merchandise Trade(Imports+Exports)第110页
        4.3.4 Gross Domestic Product (GDP)第110-111页
        4.3.5 Per Capita GDP (PCGDP)第111-112页
        4.3.6 Heckscher-Ohlin or Linder第112-113页
        4.3.7 Trade Cost (Distance)第113-114页
        4.3.8 Bilateral Exchange Rates第114-115页
        4.3.9 Population第115-117页
        4.3.10 Trade liberalization第117-119页
        4.3.11 Contiguity第119-120页
        4.3.12 Common Culture(Language+ Religion)第120页
        4.3.13 Trade Agreements第120-122页
        4.3.14 Landlocked第122页
        4.3.15 GATT/WTO第122-124页
    4.4 Sample Size and Country Groups第124-131页
        4.4.1 Country Groups by Regional Trade Blocs第126-128页
        4.4.2 Country groups by geographical regions第128-130页
        4.4.3 Country groups by income-levels第130-131页
    4.5 Source of data第131-133页
    4.6 Analytical Framework and Estimation Techniques第133-141页
        4.6.1 Panel data framework第133-134页
        4.6.2 Ordinary least square model (OLS)第134-135页
        4.6.3 Fixed effect model (FEM)第135页
        4.6.4 Random effect model (REM) or error components model第135-136页
        4.6.5 Endogeneity and Heteroscedasticity第136-137页
        4.6.6 Multilateral Resistance Term第137-140页
        4.6.7 The Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood Estimator第140-141页
    4.7 Conclusion第141-143页
5 CONSTRUCTION OF MODELS AND THEIR ECONOMETRICESTIMATONS第143-223页
    5.1 Basic Gravity model第144-151页
        5.1.1 Export model第145-147页
        5.1.2 Import model第147-149页
        5.1.3 Total Trade Gravity Model第149-151页
    5.2 Augmented Gravity Model/Extended第151-179页
        5.2.1 Export Gravity Model第152-163页
        5.2.2 Import Gravity Model第163-171页
        5.2.3 Total Trade Gravity Model第171-179页
    5.3 Segmented Gravity Model第179-194页
        5.3.1 Gravity with Regional Trading Blocs第181-185页
        5.3.2 Gravity with Geographical Regions第185-190页
        5.3.3 Gravity with Income-Levels第190-194页
    5.4 Evaluation of trade potential for Pakistan第194-218页
        5.4.1 Concept and Methodology第194-196页
        5.4.2 Results for Trade Potential第196-218页
            5.4.2.1 Export potential with world第196-199页
            5.4.2.2 Import potential with world第199-202页
            5.4.2.3 Total trade potential with world第202-205页
            5.4.2.4 Trade Potential with Regional Trading Blocs第205-209页
            5.4.2.5 Trade potential with geographical regions第209-213页
            5.4.2.6 Trade potential with Income-levels第213-218页
    5.5 Conclusion第218-223页
6 CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS第223-236页
    6.1 Conclusion第223-233页
    6.2 Policy implications第233-236页
THESIS SUMMARY第236-252页
    Summary in English第236-245页
    Summary in Chinese第245-252页
REFRENCES第252-275页
APPENDIX第275-286页
List of Publications during the PhD Study第286-287页

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