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Regeneration of Adventitious Shoots from the Leaves and Stems of Some Pyrus Spp. Grown In-Vitro and Transformation of CpTI Gene for Insect Pest Resistance

PREFACE第5-7页
摘要第7-9页
英文摘要第9-12页
LIST OF TABLES第18-19页
LIST OF FIGURES第19-21页
MAJOR ACRONYMS USED第21-22页
Chapter 1:Introduction第22-32页
    1.1 Introduction第22-27页
    1.2 Limitation of Study第27页
    1.3 Objectives第27-28页
    1.4 Materials and Methods第28-30页
    1.5 Organization of the Thesis第30-31页
    1.6 Data Analysis第31-32页
Chapter 2:Literature Review第32-58页
    2.1 Tissue Culture第32-35页
    2.2 Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from the Leaf Explants of Pears第35-40页
    2.3 Crop Damage by Insect第40-41页
    2.4 Importance of Biotech Crops第41-43页
    2.5 Different Genes to Control Insects第43-46页
    2.6 Genetic Engineering第46-58页
        2.6.1 Methods of Gene Transformation第47-49页
            2.6.1.1 Direct/Mechanical Methods第47-48页
            2.6.1.2 Indirect/Biological Methods第48-49页
        2.6.2 Promoters第49-50页
        2.6.3 Marker and Reporter Genes第50-53页
            2.6.3.1 Commonly Used Selectable Markers第51-52页
            2.6.3.2 Commonly Used Reporter Genes第52-53页
        2.6.4 Species Barrier Penetration Genes第53页
        2.6.5 Polymerage Chain Reaction(PCR)第53-56页
        2.6.6 Southern Blotting第56-58页
Chapter 3:Experiment on Shoot Proliferation第58-66页
    3.1 Introduction第58页
    3.2 Materials and Methods第58-61页
        3.2.1 Plant Materials第58页
        3.2.2 Preparation and Sterilization of Explants,Utensils and Medium第58-59页
        3.2.3 Shoot Proliferation and Maintenance第59-60页
        3.2.4 Effects of 6-BA on Shoot Proliferation第60页
        3.2.5 Treatment and Replications第60-61页
        3.2.6 Statistical Analysis第61页
    3.3 Results and Discussion第61-66页
        3.3.1 Shoot Proliferation and Maintenance第61-62页
        3.3.2 Effects of 6-BA on Shoot Proliferation第62-66页
Chapter 4:Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from Different Pyrus spp.第66-82页
    4.1 Introduction第66页
    4.2 Materials and Methods第66-70页
        4.2.1 Plant Materials第66-67页
        4.2.2 Preparation and Sterilization of Explants,Utensils and Media第67页
        4.2.3 Shoot Proliferation第67页
        4.2.4 Effect of Hormones on Shoot Regeneration第67页
        4.2.5 Adventitious Shoot Regeneration第67-69页
        4.2.6 Maximum and Mean Number of Shoots and Regeneration Percentage第69页
        4.2.7 Treatment and Replications第69页
        4.2.8 Statistical Analysis第69-70页
        4.2.9 Definition第70页
    4.3 Results and Discussion第70-82页
        4.3.1 Shoot Proliferation and Maintenance第70页
        4.3.2 Callus Formation第70-72页
        4.3.3 Burr Knots and Other Physiological Disorders第72页
        4.3.4 Vitrification第72-73页
        4.3.5 Direct and Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis第73-74页
        4.3.6 Effect of Hormones on Shoot Regeneration第74页
        4.3.7 Adventitious Shoot Regeneration第74-77页
        4.3.8 Maximum Number of Shoots and Regeneration Rate第77-79页
        4.3.9 Leaf Size and Shoot Regeneration第79-80页
        4.3.10 Summary第80-82页
Chapter 5:Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from the Stem Segments of the Whangkeumbae Pear第82-96页
    5.1 Introduction第82-83页
    5.2 Materials and Methods第83-86页
        5.2.1 Plant Materials第83页
        5.2.2 Sterilization第83-84页
        5.2.3 Culture第84页
        5.2.4 Effect of Explants Types on Shoot Regeneration第84页
        5.2.5 Adventitious shoot regeneration第84-85页
        5.2.6 Maximum and mean number of shoots and regeneration percentage第85页
        5.2.7 Treatments and replications第85-86页
        5.2.8 Statistical analysis第86页
        5.2.9 Definition第86页
    5.3 Results第86-90页
        5.3.1 Callus Formation第86-87页
        5.3.2 Adventitious Shoot Regeneration第87-89页
        5.3.3 Maximum Number of Shoots per Explant and Regeneration Rate第89-90页
    5.4 Discussion第90-94页
    5.5 Summary第94-96页
Chapter 6:Studies on Browning Problem and Polyphenol Contents第96-118页
    6.1 Introduction第96-97页
    6.2 Material and Methods第97-103页
        6.2.1 Plant Materials第97页
        6.2.2 Excise of Explants and Sterilization第97-98页
        6.2.3 Growing Medium第98页
        6.2.4 Use of Phytohormones and Sterilization第98-99页
        6.2.5 Use of Ascorbic Acid and Polyvinyl-Pyrrolidone(PVP) and Cold Treatment第99页
        6.2.6 Experimental Design第99页
        6.2.7 Tissue Culture Conditions第99-100页
        6.2.8 Browning Problem第100页
        6.2.9 Record Keeping第100页
        6.2.10 Extraction and Measurement of Phenols第100-101页
        6.2.11 Chemicals Used During Experiment第101页
        6.2.12 Methods Used to Measure Water Soluble Polyphenols第101-102页
        6.2.13 Methods Used to Measure Water Insoluble Polyphenol第102-103页
        6.2.14 Statistical Analysis第103页
        6.2.15 Definitions第103页
    6.3 Result and Discussions第103-118页
        6.3.1 Observation on Browning第103-106页
        6.3.2 Liquid Culture to Control Browning第106-107页
        6.3.3 Effect of Dark Treatment on Browning第107-109页
        6.3.4 Use of Ascorbic Acid to Control Browning第109-110页
        6.3.5 Effect of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone(PVP) on Browning第110页
        6.3.6 Cold Treatment to Control Browning第110-111页
        6.3.7 Use of Activated Charcoal(AC)第111页
        6.3.8 Phenol contents on Shoots第111-115页
        6.3.9 Summary第115-118页
Chapter 7:Agrobacterium Mediated CpTI Gene Transformation in Some Pear Cultivars(Pyrus spp.) Grown in vitro第118-142页
    7.1 Introduction第118-120页
    7.2 Material and Methods第120-132页
        7.2.1 Plant Materials第120-121页
        7.2.2 Sterilization of Media,Utensils and Glassware第121页
        7.2.3 Preparation of Antibiotics第121-122页
        7.2.4 The Plasmid Vector第122页
        7.2.5 Preparation of YEB Media and Culture of Agrobacterium tumefasciens第122-123页
        7.2.6 Preparation of Cultural Media第123-124页
        7.2.7 Culture of Agrobacterium tumefasciens第124页
        7.2.8 Pre-Culture第124-125页
        7.2.9 Co-Culture第125-126页
        7.2.10 Replications and Bacterial Density第126页
        7.2.11 Hormones Used for Shoot Regeneration第126页
        7.2.12 Explants Types第126页
        7.2.13 Shoot Expression第126-127页
        7.2.14 Kanamycine Test第127页
        7.2.15 DNA Extraction Protocol第127-130页
            7.2.15.1 Preparation of Buffer Solutions,Chemicals and Reagents第127-129页
            7.2.15.2 Procedure Used to Extract DNA第129-130页
            7.2.15.3 Procedure to Purify DNA第130页
        7.2.16 DNA Purity Test第130-131页
        7.2.17 Measurement of Concentration of DNA第131页
        7.2.18 PCR Reaction Mixture and Thermocycle第131-132页
        7.2.19 Gel Electrophoresis第132页
        7.2.20 PCR Analysis第132页
    7.3 Result and Discussions第132-142页
        7.3.1 Shoot Regeneration第132-134页
        7.3.2 Kanamycin Test第134-135页
        7.3.3 DNA Extraction第135-136页
        7.3.4 Transgenic Cultivars第136-142页
Chapter 8:Major Problems Encountered第142-146页
    8.1 Browning Problem第142页
    8.2 Bacterial Infection第142-143页
    8.3 Fungal Infection第143页
    8.4 Insect Infestation第143-144页
    8.5 Vitrification第144页
    8.6 Difficulties in Shoot Proliferation第144页
    8.7 Difficulties to Regenerate Adventitious Shoots第144-145页
    8.8 Difficulties to Control the Growth of A.tumefasciens第145页
    8.9 Effect of CEF on Shoot Regeneration第145页
    8.10 Cease of Growth of A.tumefasciens第145页
    8.11 Physiological Disorders第145-146页
Chapter 9:Conclusion and Future Research第146-148页
    9.1 Conclusion第146-147页
    9.2 Future Research第147-148页
REFERENCES第148-166页
ANNEXES第166-174页
    Annex-Ⅰ:Some of the Insect Pasts,Mites and Nematode of Pear with Their Zoological Names第166-168页
    Armex-Ⅱ:Different Strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens used in Genetic Transformation of Various Fruit Species第168-169页
    Annex-Ⅲ:Transgenic Fruit Plants with Improved Horticultural Traits Developed via Agrobacterium-mediated Gene Transformation第169-171页
    Annex-Ⅳ:List of Major Apparatus Needed for Tissue Culture第171-172页
    Annex-Ⅴ:MS Medium Used During Experiment(Stock Solution)第172-173页
    Annex-Ⅵ:Phytohormones and Other Chemicals Used During Experiment and Their Preparation Procedure(Stock Solution)第173-174页
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS第174-175页

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