| List of Tables | 第1-10页 |
| List of Figures | 第10-12页 |
| Abstract in Chinese | 第12-14页 |
| Abstract | 第14-17页 |
| Chapter 1. Introduction | 第17-22页 |
| ·Liver | 第17页 |
| ·Acute liver failure | 第17-19页 |
| ·Animal models | 第19-20页 |
| ·Surgical models | 第19页 |
| ·Pharmacological models | 第19-20页 |
| ·Genetically modified animals | 第20页 |
| ·Drug-induced acute liver failure | 第20-22页 |
| Chapter 2. Protective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Acanthoic acid in Two Models of Acute Liver Failure Models in Mice | 第22-61页 |
| ·Protective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Acanthoic acid on Acute Liver Failure Induced by Acetaminophen | 第22-48页 |
| ·Introduction | 第22-23页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第23-28页 |
| ·Isolation of AA | 第23-24页 |
| ·Materials | 第24-25页 |
| ·Animals | 第25页 |
| ·Experimental design | 第25-26页 |
| ·Serum Enzyme and TNF-α Assay | 第26页 |
| ·Glutathione and Malondialdehyde Determination | 第26页 |
| ·Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry | 第26-27页 |
| ·Statistical Analysis | 第27-28页 |
| ·Results | 第28-44页 |
| ·The Effect of AA in the APAP-induced Lethality in Mice | 第28页 |
| ·The Effect of AA on Serum AST and ALT Levels | 第28页 |
| ·The Effect of AA on Glutathione and Malondialdehyde Levels | 第28-29页 |
| ·The Effect of AA on TNF-α Level | 第29-30页 |
| ·The Effect of AA on Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry | 第30-44页 |
| ·Discussion and Conclusions | 第44-48页 |
| ·Protective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Acanthoic acid on Acute Liver Failure Induced by D-Galactosamine and Lipopolysaccharide in Mice | 第48-61页 |
| ·Introduction | 第48-49页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第49-51页 |
| ·Animals | 第49页 |
| ·Experimental design | 第49-50页 |
| ·Determination of lethality | 第50页 |
| ·Blood biochemistry and serum TNF-alpha assay | 第50页 |
| ·Detection of apoptotic cells and histopathological analysis | 第50页 |
| ·DNA fragmentation analysis | 第50-51页 |
| ·Statistical analysis | 第51页 |
| ·Results | 第51-59页 |
| ·The acanthoic acid suppressed lethality in mice with D-GalN/LPS induced fulminant hepatitis | 第51页 |
| ·The effect of acanthoic acid on serum AST and ALT levels | 第51-52页 |
| ·The effect of acanthoic acid on serum TNF-α levels | 第52页 |
| ·The acanthoic acid reduced the histological changes of liver induced by D-GalN/LPS | 第52-53页 |
| ·The acanthoic acid reduced hepatocyte apoptosis in mice treated with D-GalN/LPS | 第53-59页 |
| ·Discussion and conclusions | 第59-61页 |
| Chapter 3. Protective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Salidroside in Two Models of Acute Liver Failure Models in Mice | 第61-98页 |
| ·Protective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Salidroside on Acute Liver Injury Induced by Acetaminophen | 第61-80页 |
| ·Introduction | 第61-63页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第63-66页 |
| ·Materials | 第63页 |
| ·Animals | 第63页 |
| ·Experimental design | 第63-64页 |
| ·Serum Enzyme and TNF-α Assay | 第64-65页 |
| ·Glutathione and Malondialdehyde Determination | 第65页 |
| ·Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry | 第65页 |
| ·Statistical Analysis | 第65-66页 |
| ·Results | 第66-77页 |
| ·The Effect of SDS in the APAP-induced Lethality in Mice | 第66页 |
| ·The Effect of SDS on plasma AST and ALT Levels | 第66页 |
| ·The Effect of SDS on Glutathione and Malondialdehyde contents | 第66-67页 |
| ·The Effect of SDS on TNF-α Level | 第67页 |
| ·The Effect of SDS on Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry | 第67-77页 |
| ·Discussion and Conclusions | 第77-80页 |
| ·Protective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Salidroside on Acute Liver Failure Induced by D-Galactosamine and Lipopolysaccharide in Mice | 第80-98页 |
| ·Introduction | 第80-81页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第81-84页 |
| ·Materials | 第81-82页 |
| ·Animals | 第82页 |
| ·Experimental design | 第82-83页 |
| ·Measurement of serum enzyme, TNF-α, NO, and NOS activities | 第83页 |
| ·Antioxidation System Determination | 第83页 |
| ·Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry | 第83页 |
| ·Western blotting analysis | 第83-84页 |
| ·Statistical Analysis | 第84页 |
| ·Results | 第84-95页 |
| ·The Effect of SDS on plasma AST and ALT Levels | 第84页 |
| ·The Antioxidation Effect of SDS | 第84-85页 |
| ·The Effect of SDS on TNF-α Production | 第85页 |
| ·The Effect of SDS on the production of NO, and the expressions of T-NOS and i-NOS | 第85-86页 |
| ·The Effect of SDS on Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry and western blotting | 第86-95页 |
| ·Discussion and conclusions | 第95-98页 |
| Chapter 4. Overall Conclusion | 第98-99页 |
| ·Overall Conclusion | 第98-99页 |
| Reference | 第99-110页 |
| Acknowledgment | 第110-111页 |
| Review | 第111-119页 |
| Reference | 第117-119页 |
| Appendix A | 第119页 |
