| 摘要 | 第5-6页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第6-7页 |
| List of Abbrevaiations | 第13-14页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第14-20页 |
| 1.1 Background of the Research | 第14-16页 |
| 1.2 Statement of the Problem | 第16-17页 |
| 1.3 Objectives of the Study | 第17-18页 |
| 1.4 Research Questions | 第18页 |
| 1.5 Overview of Methodology | 第18-19页 |
| 1.6 Significance of the Study | 第19页 |
| 1.7 Delimitation of the Study | 第19页 |
| 1.8 Organization of the Study | 第19-20页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review: | 第20-29页 |
| 2.1 Public Participation | 第20-21页 |
| 2.1.1 Levels of Citizen Participation | 第21页 |
| 2.2 The Concept of Policy-Making in Public Participation at Local GovernmentLevel | 第21-25页 |
| 2.2.1 Decentralization | 第22-24页 |
| 2.2.2 Decentralization Process in Ghana | 第24-25页 |
| 2.2.3 Planning within Ghana's Decentralization System | 第25页 |
| 2.3 Theories | 第25-29页 |
| 2.3.1 E-participation Theory | 第25-26页 |
| 2.3.2 Stakeholder Theory | 第26页 |
| 2.3.3 Socio-Technical Theory | 第26-29页 |
| Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology | 第29-35页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第29页 |
| 3.2 Research Design | 第29页 |
| 3.3 Selection of Case Study | 第29-30页 |
| 3.4 Selection of Respondents and Sampling Technique | 第30-32页 |
| 3.5 Data Collection Methods | 第32-33页 |
| 3.5.1 Primary Data | 第33页 |
| 3.5.2 Secondary Data | 第33页 |
| 3.6 Pilot Study | 第33页 |
| 3.7 Data Analysis | 第33-34页 |
| 3.8 Ethical Consideration | 第34-35页 |
| Chapter 4 The Current Situation about Citizen Participation in Ghana | 第35-47页 |
| 4.1 Some Basic Procedures for Citizen Participation | 第35-38页 |
| 4.1.1 Elections | 第35页 |
| 4.1.2 Interest Groups | 第35-36页 |
| 4.1.3 Public Hearings | 第36页 |
| 4.1.4 Referendum | 第36-37页 |
| 4.1.5 Nonviolent Protest | 第37页 |
| 4.1.6 Mass Media | 第37-38页 |
| 4.2 Approach for Citizen Participation in Ghana | 第38-43页 |
| 4.2.1 Platform for Citizen Participation in Policy Formulation | 第38-39页 |
| 4.2.2 How the Citizens are Involved in the Operationalization of the Platforms | 第39页 |
| 4.2.3 Public Engagement in (Local Action Plans) LAPs Formulation | 第39-40页 |
| 4.2.4 Public Involvement in Public Hearings | 第40-41页 |
| 4.2.5 Citizens Perceptions on the Mechanisms for Participation in the DMTD | 第41-42页 |
| 4.2.6 Participation and Planning Process at the District Level | 第42-43页 |
| 4.2.7 Participation and Planning Process at the Sub-District Level | 第43页 |
| 4.3 The Influence of E-Participation | 第43-47页 |
| 4.3.1 The Influence of E-Participation in Ghana | 第44-47页 |
| Chapter 5 Data Analysis and Discussion on Public Participattion | 第47-73页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第47页 |
| 5.2 Demographics | 第47-55页 |
| 5.2.1 Name of Community/ Electoral Area/ Departmental head | 第47-48页 |
| 5.2.2 Gender | 第48-50页 |
| 5.2.3 Level of Education | 第50页 |
| 5.2.4 Position in Community/Department | 第50-51页 |
| 5.2.5 Tenure of Office and Sub Committee Involvement | 第51页 |
| 5.2.6 Existence of Department | 第51-52页 |
| 5.2.7 Smart Gadget Usage | 第52页 |
| 5.2.8 Services Performed with Gadget | 第52-54页 |
| 5.2.9 Internet Usage | 第54-55页 |
| 5.3 Modes of Public Participation | 第55页 |
| 5.4 Communication and Understanding of what goes on in the Sunyani DistrictAssembly | 第55-56页 |
| 5.5 Knowledge and Involvement of On-going Projects | 第56-57页 |
| 5.6 Project Implementation over the years and Involvement-Assembly Members | 第57-58页 |
| 5.7 Project Implementation by Department | 第58-59页 |
| 5.8 Stakeholders of Projects | 第59页 |
| 5.9 Project implementation over the years and Involvement-Assembly Members | 第59-60页 |
| 5.10 Information Dissemination by Department | 第60-61页 |
| 5.11 Frequency of Consultation by Department with Community Members | 第61页 |
| 5.12 Problems of Public Participation in the Making and Implementation ofPolicies | 第61-63页 |
| 5.13 Benefits of Public Participation in the Making and Implementation of Policies. | 第63-66页 |
| 5.14 The Overall Impact of Public Participation in the Making and Implementationof Policies | 第66-67页 |
| 5.15 Presence of Abandoned Projects | 第67页 |
| 5.16 Efficiency and Effectiveness of Traditional Mechanisms of Participation | 第67-68页 |
| 5.17 Satisfaction with the Participatory Processes | 第68页 |
| 5.18 Awareness of E-government and Knowledge of E-participation | 第68-69页 |
| 5.19 Benefits of implementing E-participation | 第69-70页 |
| 5.20 Concluding Comments | 第70-73页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations | 第73-76页 |
| 6.1 Summary | 第73-74页 |
| 6.2 Conclusion | 第74-75页 |
| 6.3 Policy Recommendation | 第75-76页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第76-77页 |
| References | 第77-83页 |
| Appendices | 第83-97页 |
| Appendix A | 第83-88页 |
| Appendix B | 第88-93页 |
| Appendix C | 第93-97页 |
