| Acknowledgements | 第1-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5-8页 |
| 中文摘要 | 第8-17页 |
| Chapter 1 Literature Review | 第17-54页 |
| Ⅰ Novel approaches for the research of microbial ecology | 第17-35页 |
| Ⅰ 1 Introduction to microbial diversity in soil | 第17-18页 |
| Ⅰ 2 Culture-dependent methods in studying microbial diversity | 第18-19页 |
| Ⅰ 3 Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH)-Microscopic study of Microbial diversity | 第19-21页 |
| Ⅰ 4 Broad-scale molecular approaches | 第21-24页 |
| Ⅰ 5 Genetic fingerprint techniques | 第24-33页 |
| Ⅰ 6 Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis | 第33-35页 |
| Ⅱ Genetically engineered (GE) plants in the environment and their ecological effects | 第35-51页 |
| Ⅱ 1 Introduction | 第35-47页 |
| Ⅱ 2 Potential non-target ecological effects of engineered plants | 第47-51页 |
| Ⅲ Overall objective of the present research | 第51-54页 |
| Chapter 2 Effect of Bt transgenic rice straw at the booting stage on the culturalable microorganisms, biochemical processes and bacterial communities in flooded soil | 第54-88页 |
| Ⅰ Introduction | 第54-55页 |
| Ⅱ Materials and methods | 第55-63页 |
| Ⅱ 1 Soil samples | 第55-56页 |
| Ⅱ 2 Rice straw samples | 第56-57页 |
| Ⅱ 3 Soil treatment | 第57页 |
| Ⅱ 4 Enumeration of aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi | 第57-58页 |
| Ⅱ 5 Enumeration of anaerobic bacteria | 第58-59页 |
| Ⅱ 6 Enzyme assays | 第59-60页 |
| Ⅱ 7 Anaerobic respiration, hydrogen-producing and methanogenic activities | 第60-61页 |
| Ⅱ 8 DNA extraction and quantification | 第61-62页 |
| Ⅱ 9 PCR-DGGE community analysis | 第62-63页 |
| Ⅱ 10 Statistical analysis and PCA | 第63页 |
| Ⅲ Results | 第63-81页 |
| Ⅲ 1 Total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the paddy soil | 第64-65页 |
| Ⅲ 2 Effect of Bt-transgenic rice straw at the booting stage anaerobic bacteria in the paddy soil | 第65页 |
| Ⅲ 3 Effect of Bt-transgenic rice straw at the booting stage on selected soil enzyme activities | 第65-67页 |
| Ⅲ 4 Effect of Bt-transgenic rice straw at the maturing stage on selected soil enzyme activities | 第67-69页 |
| Ⅲ 5 Anaerobic respiration, hydrogen-producing and methanogenic activities | 第69-71页 |
| Ⅲ 6 Effect of Bt-transgenic rice straw on soil bacterial communities | 第71-81页 |
| Ⅳ Discussion | 第81-88页 |
| Ⅳ 1 Effect of Bt-transgenic rice straw at the booting stage on the culturable mcroorganisms in flooded paddy soil | 第81-82页 |
| Ⅳ 2 Effect of Bt-transgenic rice straw on selected soil enzyme activities | 第82-85页 |
| Ⅳ 3 Effect of Bt-transgenic rice straw at the booting stage on the soil bacterial communities | 第85-88页 |
| Chapter 3 Effect of Bt transgenic rice straw at the maturing stage on the culturable microorganisms and biochemical processes in upland soil | 第88-101页 |
| Ⅰ Introduction | 第88-89页 |
| Ⅱ Materials and methods | 第89-92页 |
| Ⅱ 1 Soil samples and rice straws | 第89-90页 |
| Ⅱ 2 Soil treatment | 第90页 |
| Ⅱ 3 Enumeration of aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi | 第90页 |
| Ⅱ 4 Enumeration of soil ammonifying bacteria, aerobic nitrogen-fixation bacteria and cellulose-decomposing bacteria | 第90-91页 |
| Ⅱ 5 Media | 第91页 |
| Ⅱ 6 Enzyme activity assay | 第91页 |
| Ⅱ 7 Soil respiration activity | 第91-92页 |
| Ⅱ 8 Statistic analysis | 第92页 |
| Ⅲ Results | 第92-98页 |
| Ⅲ 1 Effect of Bt transgenic rice straw on the number of the soil microorganisms | 第92-96页 |
| Ⅲ 2 Effect of Bt-transgenic rice straw on the soil enzyme activity | 第96-98页 |
| Ⅲ 3 Effect of Bt-transgenic rice straw on the soil respiration activity | 第98页 |
| Ⅳ Discussion | 第98-101页 |
| Ⅳ 1 Effect of Bt-transgenic rice straw on the culturable microorganisms in upland soil | 第98-99页 |
| Ⅳ 2 Effect of Bt-transgenic rice straw on the enzyme activities in upland soil | 第99-101页 |
| Chapter 4 Enzyme activities, culturable microbes, and bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere of Bt-transgenic rice as compared to its non-transgenic cultivar | 第101-132页 |
| Ⅰ Introduction | 第101-102页 |
| Ⅱ Materials and methods | 第102-107页 |
| Ⅱ 1 Field trials | 第102-103页 |
| Ⅱ 2 Transgenic rice | 第103页 |
| Ⅱ 3 Sampling process | 第103-104页 |
| Ⅱ 4 Enumeration of aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi | 第104页 |
| Ⅱ 5 Enumeration of spore-forming bacteria | 第104-105页 |
| Ⅱ 6 Numeration of nitrifying bacteria | 第105页 |
| Ⅱ 7 Enumeration of anaerobic nitrogen-fixation bacteria | 第105页 |
| Ⅱ 8 Determination of soil dehydrogenase activity | 第105页 |
| Ⅱ 9 Determination of soil neutral phosphatase activity | 第105页 |
| Ⅱ 10 Determination of soil urease activity | 第105页 |
| Ⅱ 11 Determination of Anaerobic respiration and methanogenic activities | 第105-106页 |
| Ⅱ 12 DNA extraction and quantification | 第106页 |
| Ⅱ 13 PCR-DGGE community analysis | 第106-107页 |
| Ⅱ 14 Statistical analysis and PCA | 第107页 |
| Ⅲ Results | 第107-124页 |
| Ⅲ 1 Total aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the rhizosphere soil | 第107-108页 |
| Ⅲ 2 Total number of aerobic spore-forming bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and anaerobic nitrogen-fixation bacteria in the rhizosphere soil | 第108页 |
| Ⅲ 3 Enzyme activities of the rhizosphere soil over the rice development in the field | 第108-110页 |
| Ⅲ 4 Anaerobic respiration and methane-producing activities in the rhizosphere soil of Bt transgenic and non-Bt parental rice | 第110-113页 |
| Ⅲ 5 DNA extraction | 第113-114页 |
| Ⅲ 6 Detection of bacterial diversity by DGGE | 第114-121页 |
| Ⅲ 7 Detection of eukaryotic microbial diversity by DGGE | 第121-124页 |
| Ⅳ Discussion | 第124-132页 |
| Ⅳ 1 Effect of Bt transgenic rice on the culturable microorganisms in rhizosphere soil | 第125-126页 |
| Ⅳ 2 Effect of Bt transgenic rice on the functional diversity of the microbial community in the rhizosphere | 第126-127页 |
| Ⅳ 3 Effect of Bt transgenic rice on the soil bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere soil | 第127-130页 |
| Ⅳ 4 Effect of Bt transgenic rice on the soil eukaryotic microbial diversity in the rhizosphere | 第130-132页 |
| Chapter 5 Conclusions and further research | 第132-147页 |
| Ⅰ Conclusions | 第132-133页 |
| Ⅱ Further Research | 第133-147页 |
