| 摘要 | 第5-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-7页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第12-16页 |
| CHAPTER ? LITERATURE REVIEW | 第16-39页 |
| 1.1 MUSCLE | 第16页 |
| 1.2 TYPES OF MUSCLE | 第16页 |
| 1.3 SKELETAL MUSCLE | 第16-19页 |
| 1.3.1 Origin | 第16-17页 |
| 1.3.2 Structure and development of skeletal muscle | 第17-19页 |
| 1.4 MYOGENESIS | 第19-26页 |
| 1.4.1 Control and regulation of myogenesis | 第19-20页 |
| 1.4.2 Pathway associated with myogenesis | 第20-21页 |
| 1.4.3 Prenatal myogenesis | 第21-22页 |
| 1.4.3.1 Developmental process during prenatal stage | 第21-22页 |
| 1.4.3.2 Factors affecting muscle growth at prenatal stage | 第22页 |
| 1.4.4 Post-natal muscle growth | 第22-24页 |
| 1.4.4.1 Factors affecting muscle growth at prenatal stage | 第23页 |
| 1.4.4.2 Muscle regeneration during post-natal stage | 第23-24页 |
| 1.4.5 Factors affecting muscle development | 第24-26页 |
| 1.4.5.1 Growth factors | 第24-25页 |
| 1.4.5.2 Myogenic transcription factors | 第25-26页 |
| 1.5 GENE FUNCTIONS AND POLYMORPHISMS ON SKELETAL MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT | 第26-30页 |
| 1.5.1 Functions of genes | 第26-28页 |
| 1.5.1.1 Expression in chicken | 第26-27页 |
| 1.5.1.2 Expression in duck and others | 第27页 |
| 1.5.1.3 Expression in myogenic transcription factors | 第27-28页 |
| 1.5.2 Polymorphisms of genes | 第28-30页 |
| 1.5.2.1 Polymorphisms in intron | 第28页 |
| 1.5.2.2 Polymorphisms in exon | 第28-29页 |
| 1.5.2.3 Polymorphisms in UTR | 第29页 |
| 1.5.2.4 Haplotype and haplotype combinations (diplotype) of genes | 第29-30页 |
| 1.6 IDENTIFICATION OF HDAC2 CANDIDATE GENE FOR CHICKEN SKELETAL MUSCLEDEVELOPMENT | 第30-33页 |
| 1.6.1 Overview | 第30页 |
| 1.6.2 Gene functions | 第30-32页 |
| 1.6.3 Polymorphisms | 第32-33页 |
| 1.7 IDENTIFICATION OF GJA1 CANDIDATE GENE FOR CHICKEN SKELETAL MUSCLEDEVELOPMENT | 第33-38页 |
| 1.7.1 Overview | 第33-34页 |
| 1.7.2 Gene functions in mammalian species | 第34-37页 |
| 1.7.2.1 Skeletal muscle related | 第34-35页 |
| 1.7.2.2 Non skeletal muscle development | 第35-36页 |
| 1.7.2.3 Gene functions in poultry species | 第36页 |
| 1.7.2.4 Gene function by si RNA mediate silencing | 第36-37页 |
| 1.7.2.4.1 Muscle cells | 第37页 |
| 1.7.2.4.2 Non-muscle cells | 第37页 |
| 1.7.3 Polymorphisms in mammalian species | 第37-38页 |
| 1.8 OBJECTIVES | 第38-39页 |
| CHARPER II IDENTIFICATION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 AND GAP JUNCTION PROTEIN ALPHA 1 AS FUNCTIONAL GENES FORSKELETAL MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT IN CHICKEN | 第39-54页 |
| 2.1 INTRODUCTION | 第39-40页 |
| 2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第40-45页 |
| 2.2.1 Ethics statement | 第40页 |
| 2.2.2 Tissue sample collection and measurement of growth traits | 第40-41页 |
| 2.2.3 Preparation and culture of chicken primary myoblasts | 第41页 |
| 2.2.4 Myoblast proliferation assay and transfection | 第41-42页 |
| 2.2.5 Characterization of myotubes | 第42-43页 |
| 2.2.6 Extraction of total RNA | 第43-44页 |
| 2.2.6.1 Tissue samples | 第43页 |
| 2.2.6.2 Cell samples | 第43-44页 |
| 2.2.6.3 Quantification and quality control | 第44页 |
| 2.2.7 Quantitative real-time PCR | 第44-45页 |
| 2.2.8 Data processing and analysis | 第45页 |
| 2.3 RESULTS OF HDAC2 | 第45-49页 |
| 2.3.1 Expression profiles of HDAC2 in the embryonic and post-hatch stages | 第45-47页 |
| 2.3.2 Expression of HDAC2 during myoblast proliferation in vitro | 第47-48页 |
| 2.3.3 Myoblast differentiation and HDAC2 expression in vitro | 第48-49页 |
| 2.4 RESULTS OF GJA1 | 第49-52页 |
| 2.4.1 Myoblast proliferation assay and expression of GJA1 during proliferation and differentiationusing si RNA | 第49-52页 |
| 2.5 DISCUSSION | 第52-54页 |
| CHAPTER III DETECTION OF POLYMORPHISMS IN GJA1 AND HDAC2 GENES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH GROWTH TRAITS OF CHICKEN | 第54-74页 |
| 3.1 INTRODUCTION | 第54-55页 |
| 3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第55-59页 |
| 3.2.1 Ethics statement | 第55页 |
| 3.2.2 Chickens and measurement of growth traits | 第55-56页 |
| 3.2.3 Genomic DNA extraction and mutation screening for GJA1 and HDAC2 genes | 第56-57页 |
| 3.2.4 Genotyping using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis | 第57-59页 |
| 3.2.5 Statistical analysis | 第59页 |
| 3.3 RESULTS | 第59-72页 |
| 3.3.1 Polymorphisms in chicken GJA1and HDAC2 genes | 第59-61页 |
| 3.3.2 Genotypic and allelic frequencies of different variants in GJA1 and HDAC2 genes | 第61-64页 |
| 3.3.3 Association between GJA1 and HDAC2 polymorphisms, and growth traits | 第64-69页 |
| 3.3.4 Haplotype and diplotype analysis in GJA1 and HDAC2 genes | 第69-70页 |
| 3.3.5 Association analysis of GJA1 and HDAC2 diplotypes on growth traits of chicken | 第70-72页 |
| 3.4 DISCUSSION | 第72-74页 |
| CHAPTER IV GENERAL CONCLUSIONS | 第74-75页 |
| REFERENCES | 第75-89页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第89-91页 |
| RESUME OF MD. SHAHJAHAN | 第91-94页 |
