| 摘要 | 第6-8页 |
| Abstract | 第8-10页 |
| CHAPTER 1:Introduction | 第19-27页 |
| 1.1 Background | 第19-21页 |
| 1.2 Motivations and Objectives | 第21-22页 |
| 1.3 Methodologies and Contributions | 第22-23页 |
| 1.4 Outline of Thesis | 第23-27页 |
| CHAPTER 2:Literature Review | 第27-56页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第27-28页 |
| 2.2 Definitions,general formulations and classifications of UTNDP | 第28-32页 |
| 2.2.1 Definitions of UTNDP | 第28-29页 |
| 2.2.2 General framework of UTNDP | 第29页 |
| 2.2.3 General mathematical model for UTNDP | 第29-30页 |
| 2.2.4 Classifications of upper level or design problems in UTNDP | 第30-32页 |
| 2.3 Classification of lower level problems in UTNDP | 第32-34页 |
| 2.4 Specific Urban Transportation Network Design Problems | 第34-36页 |
| 2.4.1. Studies of the Road Network Design Problem(RNDP) | 第35页 |
| 2.4.2 Studies of the Multi-Modal Network Design Problem | 第35-36页 |
| 2.5 Review of solution techniques to UTNDP | 第36-43页 |
| 2.5.1 Solution techniques to the Road Network Design Problem | 第37-40页 |
| 2.5.2. Solution techniques to TNDP and TNDFSP | 第40-41页 |
| 2.5.3 Solution techniques to the MMNDP | 第41-42页 |
| 2.5.4 Solution techniques to lowet-level problems | 第42-43页 |
| 2.6 Overview to the literature of UTNDP | 第43-46页 |
| 2.7 Outlook | 第46-49页 |
| 2.7.1 Future research for Road Network Design Problem(RNDP) | 第46-47页 |
| 2.7.2 Future research for TNDP and TNDFSP | 第47-48页 |
| 2.7.3 Future research for Multi-Modal Network Design Problem | 第48-49页 |
| 2.8 Paratransit in developing countries | 第49-52页 |
| 2.8.1 Regulation in paratransit | 第49页 |
| 2.8.2 Behavioral analysis in Paratransit | 第49-50页 |
| 2.8.3 Perception on service quality in Paratransit | 第50页 |
| 2.8.4 Other aspects in Paratransit | 第50-51页 |
| 2.8.5 Quality of life and transportation | 第51-52页 |
| 2.8.6 Happiness Research in Transportation | 第52页 |
| 2.9. Summary of previous contributions on urban transport | 第52-54页 |
| 2.10 Sustainable transport | 第54-56页 |
| CHAPTER 3:Current urban mobility issues in Cotonou:Analysis and Perspective | 第56-73页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第56页 |
| 3.2 Background | 第56-57页 |
| 3.3 Overview of the municipality of Cotonou | 第57-60页 |
| 3.4 Demographic trends of the Cotonou and its surroundings cities | 第60-62页 |
| 3.5 Current situation of urban transportation in Cotonou | 第62-66页 |
| 3.5.1 Transport infrastructure | 第62页 |
| 3.5.2 Transport Regulation and institutional framework | 第62-63页 |
| 3.5.3 Urban transport operators | 第63-64页 |
| 3.5.4 From Buses and minibuses to motorcycles | 第64-66页 |
| 3.6 Analysis of data | 第66-73页 |
| 3.6.1 Characteristics of motorized trips | 第66-70页 |
| 3.6.2 Determinants of travel | 第70-71页 |
| 3.6.3 Consequences of inadequate transport systern | 第71-73页 |
| CHAPTER 4:Strategies for Sustainable urban Transport in Cotonou based on MunicipalDevelopment Plan analysis | 第73-92页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第73-75页 |
| 4.2 Evaluation of Transport and Infrastructure Systems | 第75-79页 |
| 4.2.1 Travel demand and modal split | 第75-78页 |
| 4.2.2 Road network and mobility | 第78-79页 |
| 4.2.3 Non-motorized transport | 第79页 |
| 4.3 Pollution and Environmental Degradation | 第79-81页 |
| 4.4 Municipal development Plan(MDP)and its transport projects | 第81-83页 |
| 4.5 Critical analysis of the MDP | 第83-84页 |
| 4.5.1 Partial evaluation of urban bus scheme | 第83页 |
| 4.5.2 Limits of the municipality and central Government policies | 第83-84页 |
| 4.6 Suggested Strategies | 第84-92页 |
| 4.6.1 Change the urban form and land use patterns | 第87页 |
| 4.6.2 Integrated transport and land use planning | 第87页 |
| 4.6.3 Promote public transport and transit oriented development(TOD) | 第87-89页 |
| 4.6.4 Integration between transport operators | 第89页 |
| 4.6.5 Low transport fare for low income groups | 第89页 |
| 4.6.6 Formulate and enforce urban transport laws and policies | 第89页 |
| 4.6.7 Use economic instruments to restrain motorcycle and Car use | 第89-90页 |
| 4.6.8 Provide a non-motorized transport network | 第90-92页 |
| CHAPTER 5:Paratransit and car availability on stated travel mode choice behavior in Cotonou:Influence evaluation and perspectives with BRT implementation | 第92-102页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第92-93页 |
| 5.2 Paratransit in Cotonou,Benin | 第93-94页 |
| 5.3 SP design | 第94-96页 |
| 5.4 Dogit model | 第96-98页 |
| 5.5 Model estimation | 第98-102页 |
| CHAPTER 6:Paratransit Users' Perception on Service Quality,Happiness during Travel andLife Satisfaction in Cotonou,Benin:Cause-Effect Relationships | 第102-113页 |
| 6.1. Introduction | 第102-103页 |
| 6.2 Methodology | 第103-105页 |
| 6.3 Data | 第105-109页 |
| 6.4 Model estimation | 第109-112页 |
| 6.5 Discussion | 第112-113页 |
| CHAPTER 7:Implementation of Bus Rapid Transit network based on Ant ColonyOptimization Algorithm:Remodeling urban mobility in Cotonou,Benin | 第113-147页 |
| 7.1 Introduction | 第113-114页 |
| 7.2 BRT:A Suite of High Quality,Bus-Based Mobility Options | 第114-117页 |
| 7.3 Global Trends | 第117-123页 |
| 7.3.1 BRT Systems by Countries and Regions | 第119-121页 |
| 7.3.2 Urban Densities and BRT Usage | 第121-123页 |
| 7.4. Characterizing BRT:The Supply Side | 第123-131页 |
| 7.4.1 Infrastructure and Running ways | 第123-124页 |
| 7.4.2 Stations | 第124-125页 |
| 7.4.3 BRT Vehicles | 第125-126页 |
| 7.4.4 Network Designs | 第126-128页 |
| 7.4.5 BRT Operations,Routing,and Scheduling | 第128-131页 |
| 7.4.6 Fare Collection and Enforcement | 第131页 |
| 7.5 BRT System Performance | 第131-135页 |
| 7.5.1 Operating Speeds | 第131-133页 |
| 7.5.2 Comfort | 第133-134页 |
| 7.5.3 Safety | 第134页 |
| 7.5.4. Environmental Impacts | 第134-135页 |
| 7.5.5. Social Equity | 第135页 |
| 7.6 BRT and Urban Development | 第135-140页 |
| 7.7 Optimization Model | 第140-141页 |
| 7.8 Algorithm Design | 第141-143页 |
| 7.8.1 Ant Colony Optimization introduction | 第141页 |
| 7.8.2 Transition rules | 第141-142页 |
| 7.8.3 Pheromone Refreshing Strategy | 第142-143页 |
| 7.9 Case Studies:The city of Cotonou | 第143-147页 |
| CHAPTER 8:Financing and Operating the BRT system in Cotonou:Lessons fromInternational experiences | 第147-196页 |
| 8.1 Introduction | 第147-150页 |
| 8.2 Public-Private Partnerships for BRT system Projects | 第150-153页 |
| 8.2.1 PPP Structure commonly used for transportation financing | 第151页 |
| 8.2.2 Understanding the benefits | 第151-152页 |
| 8.2.3 Understanding the barriers and risks | 第152-153页 |
| 8.3. Financing BRT Planning | 第153-158页 |
| 8.3.1 Municipal transport planning and budgeting in Benin | 第153-155页 |
| 8.3.2 Financing BRT Planning | 第155-158页 |
| 8.4 Financing the BRT infrastructure | 第158-173页 |
| 8.4.1 Urban infrastructure Finance in China | 第158-162页 |
| 8.4.2 Financing Municipal Toll roads | 第162-165页 |
| 8.4.3 The model of Financing Municipal Metros | 第165-166页 |
| 8.4.4 Public financing of BRT Infrastructure | 第166页 |
| 8.4.5 Chinese Experience to date | 第166-170页 |
| 8.4.6 International BRT Infrastructure | 第170-173页 |
| 8.5 Infrastructure Financing Discussion in African Cities | 第173-177页 |
| 8.6 Opportrunities for Private sector in BRT Infrastructure | 第177-186页 |
| 8.6.1 International Experience with PPP for Bus Infrastructure | 第178-179页 |
| 8.6.2 Other Private Investment in Bus Infrastructure | 第179页 |
| 8.6.3 Emerging Issues with PPP in BRT implementation | 第179-181页 |
| 8.6.4 Lessons from Chinese Bus Operations | 第181-182页 |
| 8.6.5 International Experience with Private Investment in BRT Bus | 第182-184页 |
| 8.6.6 Financing BRT buses in China | 第184页 |
| 8.6.7 Public transit authorities in wealthier countries | 第184-186页 |
| 8.7. BRT Management and Institutional Challenges | 第186-189页 |
| 8.7.1 Managed Competition in BOGOTA | 第186-187页 |
| 8.7.2 Other BRT Institutional Experiences | 第187-189页 |
| 8.8 Business model for BRT System implementation in Cotonou:Planning a financially Viable BRT service | 第189-196页 |
| 8.8.1 Getting a Demand Estimate Usable for a BRT Business Model | 第190-192页 |
| 8.8.2 Estimating Demand for Specific BRT using a Transit Model | 第192-196页 |
| CHAPTER 9:Conclusion and Future Research | 第196-207页 |
| 9.1 Conclusion | 第196-201页 |
| 9.1.1 Current urban transport issues in Cotonou:Analysis and Perspective | 第196页 |
| 9.1.2 Strategies for Sustainable urban Transport in Cotonou | 第196-197页 |
| 9.1.3 Availability of paratransit and car on stated travel mode choice behavior | 第197-198页 |
| 9.1.4 Paratransit users' perception on service quality and life satisfaction | 第198-199页 |
| 9.1.5 Implementation of Bus Rapid Transit network in Cotonou | 第199-200页 |
| 9.1.6 Financing and Operating the BRT system in Cotonou | 第200-201页 |
| 9.2. Recommendations | 第201-204页 |
| 9.2.1 Ensure financial plan and the service quality | 第201-203页 |
| 9.2.2 Create transportation authority and one consortium of companies for BRT | 第203-204页 |
| 9.3 Future research | 第204-207页 |
| REFERENCE | 第207-225页 |
| Appendix A:Questionnaire Survey about Paratransit Users | 第225-233页 |
| Appendix B:Different intersections along the main artery of Cotonou | 第233-234页 |
| Appendix C:Location of parkings and car station in Cotonou | 第234-235页 |
| 攻读学位博士学位期间学术成果 | 第235-236页 |
| Acknowledgment | 第236-237页 |
| ABOUT THE AUTHOR | 第237页 |
