| Abstract | 第1-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-10页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第10-14页 |
| A summary of literature | 第14-42页 |
| Ⅰ. The postulates of quantum mechanics | 第15-18页 |
| Ⅱ. Quantum cloning | 第18-28页 |
| A. Quantum no-cloning theorem | 第18-19页 |
| B. Quantum probabilistic cloning | 第19-22页 |
| C. Quantum cloning and quantum computation | 第22-28页 |
| 1. Score without cloning | 第23-24页 |
| 2. Score using cloning | 第24-27页 |
| 3. Summary | 第27-28页 |
| Ⅲ. Quantum cryptography | 第28-32页 |
| A. BB84 protocol | 第29-30页 |
| B. B92 protocol | 第30-32页 |
| Ⅳ. Quantum secure direct communication | 第32-36页 |
| A. Introduction | 第32-33页 |
| B. Quantum secure direct communication scheme of Beige et al. [5] | 第33-36页 |
| Ⅴ. Quantum teleportation | 第36-40页 |
| A. Quantum teleportation protocol invented by Bennett et al. [8] | 第36-38页 |
| B. The controlled quantum teleportation scheme | 第38-40页 |
| Ⅵ. Quantum secret sharing | 第40-42页 |
| Our work | 第42-157页 |
| Ⅶ. Probabilistic cloning and quantum computation | 第43-76页 |
| A. Achievable efficiencies for probabilistic cloning the states | 第43-58页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第43-44页 |
| 2. An example with probabilistic cloning | 第44-52页 |
| 3. Exact achievable efficiencies for probabilistically cloning the states of Ref.[46] | 第52-58页 |
| B. Quantum logic network for probabilistic cloning the quantum states | 第58-68页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第58-59页 |
| 2. Notation | 第59-60页 |
| 3. Quantum logic network for probabilistic cloning the quantum states | 第60-68页 |
| C. Probabilistically cloning and quantum computation | 第68-76页 |
| Ⅷ. Controlled quantum secure direct communication | 第76-96页 |
| A. Controlled and secure direct communication using GHZ state and teleportation | 第76-82页 |
| B. Quantum secure conditional direct communication via EPR pairs | 第82-90页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第82-84页 |
| 2. Quantum secure conditional direct communication via EPR pairs | 第84-88页 |
| 3. Security in the proposed protocols | 第88-90页 |
| C. Controlled quantum teleportation and secure direct communication | 第90-96页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第90-91页 |
| 2. Controlled quantum teleportation | 第91-93页 |
| 3. Controlled and secure direct communication | 第93-95页 |
| 4. Summary | 第95-96页 |
| Ⅸ. Quantum secure direct communication based on swapping quantum entanglement | 第96-114页 |
| A. Quantum secure direct communication by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs and entanglement swapping | 第96-102页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第96-97页 |
| 2. Quantum secure direct communication protocol by swapping quantum entanglement | 第97-101页 |
| 3. Security | 第101-102页 |
| B. Deterministic secure direct communication using GHZ states and swapping quantum entanglement | 第102-114页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第102-103页 |
| 2. A simultaneous mutual quantum secure direct communication protocol between the central party and other two parties | 第103-109页 |
| 3. The generalized simultaneous mutual quantum secure direct communication protocol between the central party and other M parties | 第109-111页 |
| 4. Security | 第111-112页 |
| 5. Summary | 第112-114页 |
| Ⅹ. Quantum teleportation | 第114-147页 |
| A. Quantum logic network for probabilistic teleportation of two-particle state of general form | 第114-122页 |
| B. Quantum logic networks for probabilistic and controlled teleportation of unknown quantum states | 第122-135页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第122-124页 |
| 2. Probabilistic and controlled teleportation of an unknown quantum state of one particle | 第124-128页 |
| 3. Probabilistic and controlled teleportation of two-particle state in a general form | 第128-135页 |
| C. Quantum logic networks for probabilistic teleportation of many particle state of general form | 第135-147页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第135-136页 |
| 2. Notation | 第136-137页 |
| 3. Teleportation of a general iV-particle state | 第137-139页 |
| 4. Teleportation of a general two-particle, three-particle and four-particle state | 第139-147页 |
| Ⅺ. Quantum secret sharing between multi-party and multi-party without entanglement | 第147-157页 |
| A. Introduction | 第147-148页 |
| B. Quantum key sharing between multi-party and multi-party | 第148-154页 |
| C. Security | 第154-157页 |
| References | 第157-161页 |
| 博士期间发表和完成的论文 | 第161页 |
