| 摘要 | 第4-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-9页 |
| CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION | 第16-26页 |
| 1.1 Background of the study | 第16-19页 |
| 1.2 Motivation for the study | 第19-23页 |
| 1.2.1 The need to develop new growth models for Africa | 第19-20页 |
| 1.2.2 The need to intensify the development of renewable energy in Africa | 第20-21页 |
| 1.2.3 The need to evaluate the impact of climate change mitigation policies | 第21-22页 |
| 1.2.4 Understanding energy substitution will provide opportunities for energytransition in Africa | 第22页 |
| 1.2.5 Bridging the research gap on energy related studies on Africa | 第22-23页 |
| 1.3 Research objectives | 第23-24页 |
| 1.3.1 Estimate Africa's production technology | 第23页 |
| 1.3.2 Extract Output Elasticity | 第23页 |
| 1.3.3 Extract Elasticities of Substitution | 第23-24页 |
| 1.3.4 Estimate Technical Change | 第24页 |
| 1.3.5 Compute Environmental Benefits | 第24页 |
| 1.3.6 Suggest Relevant Policies | 第24页 |
| 1.4 Published works | 第24-25页 |
| 1.5 Organization of the thesis | 第25-26页 |
| CHAPTER TWO ECONOMIC GROWTH, INTER-FACTOR AND INTER-FUEL SUBSTITUTION INAFRICA | 第26-41页 |
| 2.1 Ghana | 第26-28页 |
| 2.2 South Africa | 第28-31页 |
| 2.3 Nigeria | 第31-35页 |
| 2.4 Egypt | 第35-36页 |
| 2.5 Africa in general | 第36-41页 |
| CHAPTER THREE LITERATURE REVIEW | 第41-49页 |
| 3.1 Review of studies on energy consumption and economic growth | 第41-45页 |
| 3.2 Review of studies on inter-factor and inter-fuel substitution | 第45-49页 |
| CHAPTER FOUR METHODS AND DATA | 第49-66页 |
| 4.1 Unit roots | 第49-50页 |
| 4.2 Test for multicollinearity | 第50-51页 |
| 4.2.1 Pearson's correlation | 第50页 |
| 4.2.2 Kmenta Approach | 第50-51页 |
| 4.3 Translog production function time series method | 第51-55页 |
| 4.4 Ridge regression estimate approach | 第55-56页 |
| 4.5 Translog production function panel data method | 第56-61页 |
| 4.5.1 Random effect testing | 第56-57页 |
| 4.5.2 Multicollinearity test | 第57-58页 |
| 4.5.3 Translog production function | 第58-60页 |
| 4.5.4 Technical difference or change (Panel data method) | 第60页 |
| 4.5.5 technical change (Time series method) | 第60-61页 |
| 4.5.6 Scenario Analysis of substitution benefit | 第61页 |
| 4.6 DATA | 第61-66页 |
| 4.6.1 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | 第62页 |
| 4.6.2 Capital Stock | 第62-63页 |
| 4.6.3 Labor | 第63-64页 |
| 4.6.4 Electricity and petroleum consumption | 第64页 |
| 4.6.5 Coal consumption | 第64-66页 |
| CHAPTER FIVE RESULT ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN AFRICA | 第66-87页 |
| 5.1 Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Africa | 第66-82页 |
| 5.1.1 Evidence for Ghana | 第66-70页 |
| 5.1.2 Evidence for Nigeria | 第70-75页 |
| 5.1.3 Evidence for South Africa | 第75-78页 |
| 5.1.4 Evidence for Egypt | 第78-82页 |
| 5.2 Panel data evidence for Africa | 第82-87页 |
| CHAPTER SIX RESULTS ON INTER-FUEL SUBSTITUTION AND TECHNICAL CHANGE INAFRICA | 第87-115页 |
| 6.1 Time series evidence for Ghana | 第87-92页 |
| 6.1.2 Benefits of Substitution | 第91-92页 |
| 6.2 Evidence for Nigeria | 第92-96页 |
| 6.3 Benefits of Substitution | 第96-97页 |
| 6.4 Evidence for South Africa | 第97-99页 |
| 6.5 Benefits of Substitution (South Africa) | 第99-102页 |
| 6.6 Evidence for Egypt | 第102-105页 |
| 6.7 Benefits of Substitution (Egypt) | 第105-107页 |
| 6.8 Panel Data evidence for Africa | 第107-115页 |
| CHAPTER SEVEN CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY SUGGESTION | 第115-122页 |
| 7.1 CONCLUSSION | 第115-119页 |
| 7.2 POLICY SUGGESTIONS | 第119-122页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第122-123页 |
| REFERENCE | 第123-133页 |
