| Acknowledgements | 第1-7页 |
| Abstract | 第7-9页 |
| 中文摘要 | 第9-10页 |
| List of figures and tables | 第10-12页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第12-13页 |
| ·The purpose of choosing this topic | 第12-13页 |
| ·The significance of this study | 第13页 |
| 2 Literature review | 第13-19页 |
| ·The development of listening teaching | 第13-15页 |
| ·Processes of listening comprehension | 第15-17页 |
| ·Previous research into this study | 第17-19页 |
| 3 Rationale for this study | 第19-29页 |
| ·Theory of schema | 第19-20页 |
| ·Theory of 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' | 第20-23页 |
| ·The input hypothesis and the affective hypothesis | 第23-25页 |
| ·Theory of language framework | 第25-26页 |
| ·Cognitive approaches to listening comprehension | 第26-29页 |
| 4 The present study | 第29-35页 |
| ·The hypotheses | 第29-30页 |
| ·A survey on students' listening barriers | 第30-31页 |
| ·An analysis on students' listening barriers | 第31-33页 |
| ·Background knowledge and listening | 第33-35页 |
| 5 The experiment | 第35-46页 |
| ·Subjects and procedure | 第35页 |
| ·The methods used in this experiment | 第35-46页 |
| 6 Data analysis and discussion | 第46-49页 |
| ·The analysis to the scores of the experimental class | 第46页 |
| ·The score and analysis to the control class | 第46-47页 |
| ·The statistics compare between the experimental class and control class | 第47页 |
| ·The result of ANOVA analysis of scores | 第47-48页 |
| ·Descriptive statistics of scores of background knowledge 1 and 2 | 第48页 |
| ·Correlation analysis and T-test | 第48-49页 |
| 7 Conclusions and implications | 第49-52页 |
| ·Conclusions and implications | 第49-50页 |
| ·Implications for listening practice and teaching in China | 第50-52页 |
| Notes | 第52-53页 |
| Bibliography | 第53-57页 |
| Appendix | 第57-72页 |
| Appendix 1 A survey | 第57-58页 |
| Appendix 2 The raw scores of the competition | 第58-62页 |
| Appendix 3 The listening examination of 2000NMET | 第62-66页 |
| Appendix 4 The listening examination of 2001NMET | 第66-69页 |
| Appendix 5 The listening examination of 2002NMET | 第69-72页 |
