| Abstract | 第5-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-8页 |
| CONTENTS | 第8-12页 |
| 1. General Introduction | 第12-17页 |
| 1.1 Project background | 第12-15页 |
| 1.2 Research purpose | 第15页 |
| 1.3 Thesis outline | 第15-17页 |
| 2. Literature review | 第17-44页 |
| 2.1 Microalgae | 第17页 |
| 2.2 Application of microalgae | 第17-19页 |
| 2.3 Genetic engineering of algae | 第19-22页 |
| 2.3.1 Microalgal genomes | 第20页 |
| 2.3.2 Methods for transformation and expression | 第20-22页 |
| 2.4 Chlorella species:structural and morphological features | 第22-23页 |
| 2.4.1 Chlorella vulgaris:strains of special interest | 第22-23页 |
| 2.5 Microalgae mass cultivation systems | 第23-31页 |
| 2.5.1 Factors affecting microalgal culture | 第23-26页 |
| 2.5.2 Approaches for cultivation of microalgae | 第26-29页 |
| 2.5.2.1 Open pond culture systems | 第27-28页 |
| 2.5.2.2 Closed photobioreactors | 第28-29页 |
| 2.5.3 Various culture conditions of microalgae | 第29-31页 |
| 2.5.3.1 Photoautotrophic cultures | 第29-30页 |
| 2.5.3.2 Heterotrophic culture systems | 第30-31页 |
| 2.5.3.3 Photoheterotrophic cultivation | 第31页 |
| 2.5.3.4 Mixotrophic cultivation | 第31页 |
| 2.6 Harvesting of microalgae by flocculation | 第31-42页 |
| 2.6.1 Chemical flocculation | 第33-35页 |
| 2.6.2 Physical flocculation | 第35-36页 |
| 2.6.3 Autoflocculation | 第36页 |
| 2.6.4 Bioflocculation | 第36-40页 |
| 2.6.4.1 Approach for microalgae bioflocculation | 第37页 |
| 2.6.4.2 Microbial associated bioflocculation | 第37-38页 |
| 2.6.4.3 Algal-bacterial association in bioflocculation | 第38-39页 |
| 2.6.4.4 Algal-fungal association in bioflocculation | 第39-40页 |
| 2.6.4.5 Microalgal cells self-flocculation | 第40页 |
| 2.6.5 Algae derived biochemical involvement bioflocculation | 第40-42页 |
| 2.6.6 Genetic modification to achieve lfocculation in microalgae | 第42页 |
| 2.7 Research objectives | 第42-43页 |
| 2.8 Project description | 第43-44页 |
| 3. Effect of temperature and pH on the cell growth of a flocculating microalgaChlorella vulgaris JSC-7 | 第44-56页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第44-45页 |
| 3.2 Materials and method | 第45-47页 |
| 3.2.1 Microalgal strains and culture medium | 第45-46页 |
| 3.2.2 Experimental design | 第46页 |
| 3.2.3 Analytic al methods | 第46-47页 |
| 3.2.3.1 Determination of cell growth | 第46页 |
| 3.2.3.2 Determination of chlorophyll content | 第46-47页 |
| 3.2.3.3 Determination of total lipid | 第47页 |
| 3.3 Results and Discussion | 第47-55页 |
| 3.3.1 Comparison of different growth medium on cell growth of C.vulgaris JSC-7 | 第47-48页 |
| 3.3.2 Growth of C vulgaris JSC-7 on 3N-BBM medium with different pH andtemperature | 第48-51页 |
| 3.3.3 Effects of temperature and pH on chlorophyll content ofC. vulgaris JSC-7 | 第51-53页 |
| 3.3.4 Effects of temperature and pH on lipid accumulation ofC. vulgaris JSC-7 | 第53-55页 |
| 3.4 Summary | 第55-56页 |
| 4. Characterization of the flocculating agent from the spontaneously flocculatingmicroalga Chlorella vulgaris JSC-7 | 第56-75页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第56-57页 |
| 4.2 Materials and methods | 第57-61页 |
| 4.2.1 Microalgal strains and culture conditions | 第57-58页 |
| 4.2.2 Biomass density measurement and morphology of C vulgaris JSC-7 | 第58页 |
| 4.2.3 Evaluation of microalgal flocculation | 第58-59页 |
| 4.2.4 Purification and characterization of the flocculating agents fromC. vulgaris JSC-7 | 第59-61页 |
| 4.3 Results and Discussion | 第61-74页 |
| 4.3.1 Flocculation of C. vulgaris JSC-7 | 第61-64页 |
| 4.3.2 Purification and characterization of the flocculating agent ofC. vulgaris JSC-7 | 第64页 |
| 4.3.3 Effects of the purified agent on the flocculation of C. vulgaris CNW11 and S.obliquus FSP3 | 第64-69页 |
| 4.3.4 Characterization of the flocculating agents and mechanistic speculation on theflocculation of the microalgal cells | 第69-74页 |
| 4.4 Summary | 第74-75页 |
| 5. Enhanced removal of Zn~(2+) or Cd~(2+)by the self-flocculating C. vulgaris JSC-7 | 第75-98页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第75-76页 |
| 5.2 Materials and methods | 第76-80页 |
| 5.2.1 Microalgal strains and culture medium | 第76页 |
| 5.2.2 Experimental setup | 第76-77页 |
| 5.2.3. Analytical methods | 第77-80页 |
| 5.2.3.1. Microalgal growth | 第77页 |
| 5.2.3.2. Morphological observations and flocculation characterization | 第77-78页 |
| 5.2.3.3. Metal ion removal efficiency and Removal rate | 第78-79页 |
| 5.2.3.4. Photosynthetic pigments | 第79页 |
| 5.2.3.5. Lipid peroxidation | 第79-80页 |
| 5.2.3.6. Analysis of SOD activity | 第80页 |
| 5.2.4. Statistical analysis | 第80页 |
| 5.3 Results and discussion | 第80-96页 |
| 5.3.1. Flocculation of C. vulgaris JSC-7 and biomass recovery by gravitysedimentation | 第80页 |
| 5.3.2. Removal of Zn~(2+) and Cd~(2+) by the microalgae culture | 第80-86页 |
| 5.3.3. Microalgal growth under Zn~(2+) or Cd~(2+) stress conditions | 第86-90页 |
| 5.3.4. Impact of Zn~(2+) or Cd~(2+)on the photosynthesis of pigments | 第90-92页 |
| 5.3.5. Antioxidant defense of C. vulgaris JSC-7 and C. vulgaris CNW11 | 第92-95页 |
| 5.3.6 Molecular mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance in microalgae | 第95-96页 |
| 5.4 Summary | 第96-98页 |
| 6. Conclusion,novelty and future prospect | 第98-100页 |
| 6.1 Conclusion | 第98页 |
| 6.2 Novelties of the research | 第98-99页 |
| 6.3 Future prospects | 第99-100页 |
| Refefence | 第100-120页 |
| List of tables | 第120-121页 |
| List of figures | 第121-122页 |
| Nomenclature | 第122-123页 |
| List ofublications during PhD eriod | 第123-125页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第125-127页 |
| About the author | 第127-129页 |
