| 摘要 | 第1-7页 |
| SUMMARY | 第7-11页 |
| CONTENTS | 第11-15页 |
| List of Figures | 第15-19页 |
| List of Tables | 第19-21页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第21-22页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅰ:Introduction | 第22-44页 |
| ·Literature review | 第22-40页 |
| ·Growth stresses | 第22-30页 |
| ·What are the growth stresses? | 第23页 |
| ·What is the origin of growth stresses? | 第23-29页 |
| ·What are the functions of growth stresses for trees? | 第29页 |
| ·What are the disadvantages of growth stresses and residual stresses for wood utilisations? | 第29页 |
| ·How to reduce the growth stresses and residual stresses and minimise their effects on wood utilisations? | 第29-30页 |
| ·How to evaluate the growth stresses? | 第30页 |
| ·Reaction wood | 第30-40页 |
| ·Compression wood | 第31页 |
| ·Tension wood | 第31-40页 |
| ·Recent works on G-fibres by Clair and his co-workers | 第40页 |
| ·Objectives and components of this dissertation | 第40-44页 |
| ·The objectives of this dissertation | 第40-42页 |
| ·The components of this dissertation | 第42-44页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅱ.Tension wood in Poplar:at cell wall and tissue level | 第44-110页 |
| ·Plant material and samples preparation | 第44-50页 |
| ·Plant material | 第44页 |
| ·Growth strain measurements | 第44-46页 |
| ·Embedded samples preparation | 第46-48页 |
| ·Ultra-thin sectioning of embedded samples | 第48-50页 |
| ·Revealing growth stresses at cell wall level in poplar tension wood | 第50-78页 |
| ·Revealing growth stresses at cell wall level in poplar tension wood:the G-layer transversal expansion due to release of growth stress after cutting | 第50-71页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第50-54页 |
| ·Results | 第54-64页 |
| ·Discussion | 第64-71页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第71页 |
| ·Perspectives | 第71页 |
| ·Revealing growth stresses at cell wall level in poplar tension wood:attempting to measure the G-layer longitudinal strain due to release of growth stress after cutting | 第71-78页 |
| ·Materials | 第72页 |
| ·Methods and results | 第72-75页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第75-76页 |
| ·Perspectives | 第76-78页 |
| ·Contribution of the gelatinous layer to the growth stresses generation in tension wood:Growth stress is highly controlled by the amount of G-layer in poplar tension wood | 第78-90页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第78-82页 |
| ·Materials | 第78页 |
| ·Methods | 第78-82页 |
| ·Results | 第82-89页 |
| ·Relationship between GS and mesoscopic surface ratios | 第82-84页 |
| ·Relationships between GS and microscopic features | 第84-87页 |
| ·GS-G-layer proportion(GLR_t) | 第87-89页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第89页 |
| ·Perspectives | 第89-90页 |
| ·G-layer transverse shrinkage and its consequences on shrinkage of poplar tension wood | 第90-106页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第91-94页 |
| ·Materials | 第91页 |
| ·Methods | 第91-94页 |
| ·Results and discussion | 第94-104页 |
| ·GS-Cell wall radial shrinkage | 第94-99页 |
| ·GS-Lumen size change after oven drying | 第99-100页 |
| ·GS-Mesoscopic shrinkage | 第100-104页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第104-106页 |
| ·General conclusions | 第106-108页 |
| ·Perspectives | 第108-110页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅲ.Tension wood in Poplar:at macroscopic level | 第110-160页 |
| ·Plant materials and methods | 第111-132页 |
| ·Plant materials | 第111-112页 |
| ·Growth Stress Indicator(GSI) | 第112-117页 |
| ·Anatomical measurements | 第117-119页 |
| ·Double cell wall thickness,cell and lumen diameter | 第117-118页 |
| ·Tissue proportion | 第118-119页 |
| ·Microfibrillar angle(MFA) | 第119页 |
| ·Fibre length | 第119页 |
| ·Physical and mechanical properties measurements | 第119-128页 |
| ·Density,shrinkage and fibre saturation point(FSP) | 第119-123页 |
| ·Wood colour | 第123-125页 |
| ·Modulus of elasticity(MOE) and specific MOE | 第125-127页 |
| ·Compressive strength parallel to grain(σ) | 第127-128页 |
| ·Chemical composition | 第128页 |
| ·Measurements on veneer of rotary cutting | 第128-132页 |
| ·Veneer distortion | 第130页 |
| ·Woolly area proportion | 第130-132页 |
| ·Influence of growth stress level on wood properties | 第132-160页 |
| ·Materials | 第132页 |
| ·Results and discussion | 第132-157页 |
| ·Growth Stress distribution around the periphery of trunk | 第132-133页 |
| ·Growth Stress / Anatomical properties | 第133-143页 |
| ·Growth Stress / Physico-mechanical properties | 第143-153页 |
| ·Growth Stress / Chemical composition | 第153-156页 |
| ·Growth Stress / Veneer properties | 第156-157页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第157-160页 |
| General conclusions and perspectives | 第160-166页 |
| General conclusions | 第160-162页 |
| Perspectives | 第162-166页 |
| Annex Ⅰ.Correlations among wood properties in the 6 inclined poplar trees | 第166-188页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第166页 |
| ·Results and discussion | 第166-186页 |
| ·Correlations among anatomical properties | 第166-170页 |
| ·Fibre length,cell diameter and ratio between them(Fibre length / Cell diameter) | 第166-169页 |
| ·Microfibrillar angle(MFA) | 第169-170页 |
| ·Correlations among physico-mechanical properties | 第170-185页 |
| ·Basic density,Oven dry density and Air dry density at 12%MC | 第170-172页 |
| ·Oven dry and air dry shrinkages in T,R,L and volumetric(V) | 第172-175页 |
| ·Fibre saturation point(FSP) in T,R,L and V | 第175-176页 |
| ·Wood colour | 第176-180页 |
| ·Modulus of elasticity(MOE) and specific MOE | 第180-181页 |
| ·Compressive strength parallel to grain(σ) and specific σ | 第181-182页 |
| ·Density,shrinkage,MOE,σ,wood colour and FSP | 第182-185页 |
| ·Correlations among veneer properties | 第185-186页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第186-188页 |
| Annex Ⅱ:Effects of lean and juvenile wood on wood properties in Poplar | 第188-220页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第189-190页 |
| ·Materials | 第189页 |
| ·Methods | 第189-190页 |
| ·Lean side definition | 第189页 |
| ·Juvenile wood determination | 第189-190页 |
| ·Stem lean angle | 第190页 |
| ·Statistical analysis | 第190页 |
| ·Results and discussion | 第190-218页 |
| ·Fibre length | 第190-193页 |
| ·Cell diameter and ratio between fibre length and cell diameter(Fibre length / Cell diameter) | 第193-196页 |
| ·Microfibrillar angle(MFA) | 第196-197页 |
| ·Tissue proportions | 第197-198页 |
| ·Ring width | 第198-199页 |
| ·Basic density | 第199-207页 |
| ·Shrinkage | 第207-209页 |
| ·Fibre saturation point(FSP) | 第209-210页 |
| ·Modulus of elasticity(MOE) and specific MOE | 第210-212页 |
| ·Compressive strength parallel to grain(σ) and specific σ | 第212-213页 |
| ·Wood colour | 第213-215页 |
| ·Veneer properties | 第215-218页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第218-220页 |
| References | 第220-228页 |
| 致谢 | 第228-230页 |
| 作者简介 | 第230-232页 |
| 在读期间发表的学术论文 | 第232页 |
