| Abstract | 第5-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第8-13页 |
| Chapter Ⅰ Introduction | 第13-34页 |
| 1.1 Pollution from Burning of Fossil Fuels | 第13-14页 |
| 1.2 Energy from Renewables | 第14-16页 |
| 1.3 PEMWE's and Associated Challenges | 第16-18页 |
| 1.4 Effective utilization of iridium | 第18-33页 |
| 1.4.1 Doping IrO_2 | 第19-23页 |
| 1.4.1.1 Ru based binary and ternary composites of rutile IrO_2 | 第19-20页 |
| 1.4.1.2 Sn based binary and ternary composites of rutile IrO_2 | 第20-22页 |
| 1.4.1.3 Doping of non-noble transition elements into IrO_2 | 第22-23页 |
| 1.4.2 Iridium incorporation into different structures | 第23-29页 |
| 1.4.2.1 Iridium in Pyrochlores | 第24-26页 |
| 1.4.2.2 Iridium incorporation in Perovskites | 第26-29页 |
| 1.4.3 Iridium based Mixed Oxides | 第29-33页 |
| 1.4.3.1 IrO_2 based core-shell nanoparticles | 第29-33页 |
| 1.5 Innovations in current study | 第33-34页 |
| Chapter Ⅱ Experimental materials, methods, principles and characterization | 第34-49页 |
| 2.1 Experimental materials and Synthesis methods | 第34-36页 |
| 2.1.1 Chemical reagents, materials and instruments | 第34-35页 |
| 2.1.2 Electrochemical characterization of electrodes | 第35-36页 |
| 2.2 Methods and principles of electrochemical characterization | 第36-42页 |
| 2.2.1 Reference Electrode Calibration | 第36-37页 |
| 2.2.2 Test of solution resistance | 第37页 |
| 2.2.3 Butler-Volmer (b-v) Equation of Electrode Dynamics | 第37-40页 |
| 2.2.4 Cyclic voltammetry test | 第40-42页 |
| 2.3 Physical characterization | 第42-49页 |
| 2.3.1 X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) | 第42-43页 |
| 2.3.2 Scanning and Transmission electron microscopy(SEM &TEM) | 第43-44页 |
| 2.3.3 Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) | 第44-46页 |
| 2.3.4 Energy Dissipation Spectrum (EDS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma EmissionSpectroscopy (ICP-AES) | 第46-47页 |
| 2.3.5 Specific Surface Area (BET) | 第47页 |
| 2.3.6 X-ray fine structure spectrum (XAFS) | 第47-49页 |
| Chapter Ⅲ Study on OER activity and structure of codoped IrO_2 catalyst | 第49-66页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第49-50页 |
| 3.2 Synthesis of codoped IrO_2 | 第50-51页 |
| 3.3 Theoretical Calculation | 第51页 |
| 3.4 Results and Discussion | 第51-65页 |
| 3.4.1 Composition, structure and morphological analysis of codoped IrO_2 | 第51-55页 |
| 3.4.2 Computational Insight for codoped IrO_2 | 第55-57页 |
| 3.4.3 Electrochemical Properties of codoped IrO_2 | 第57-60页 |
| 3.4.4 XPS and XAS characterizations | 第60-65页 |
| 3.5 Summary | 第65-66页 |
| Chapter Ⅳ Iridium Substitution in Nickel Cobaltite | 第66-86页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第66-67页 |
| 4.2 Synthesis of Ir_xNiCo_(2x)O_δ | 第67-68页 |
| 4.3 Results and Discussion | 第68-85页 |
| 4.3.1 Structural characterization using XRD,TEM and Ir-L_Ⅲ EXAFS | 第68-73页 |
| 4.3.2 Electrocatalytic Activity and Durability | 第73-81页 |
| 4.3.3 Electronic characterization of Iridium sites by Ir L_(111)-edge XANES and XPS study | 第81-85页 |
| 4.4 Summary | 第85-86页 |
| Chapter Ⅴ Anchoring of IrO_2 on 1-D Co_3O_4 Nano-rods as Mixed Oxides | 第86-102页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第86-87页 |
| 5.2 Material Synthesis | 第87-88页 |
| 5.2.1 Synthesis of Co_3O_4 nanorods | 第87页 |
| 5.2.2 Synthesis of IrO_2 decorated Co_3O_4 nanorods | 第87页 |
| 5.2.3 Synthesis of IrO_2 nanoparticles | 第87-88页 |
| 5.3 Results and Discussion | 第88-101页 |
| 5.3.1 XRD and EDS of Synthesized Composites | 第88-90页 |
| 5.3.2 Morphological Analysis of Composites | 第90-91页 |
| 5.3.3 OER Catalytic Evaluation of Composites | 第91-94页 |
| 5.3.4 One Dimensional Importance of Substrate Material | 第94-96页 |
| 5.3.5 XPS Analysis of Synthesized Composites | 第96-101页 |
| 5.4 Summary | 第101-102页 |
| Chapter Ⅵ Conclusion and Future Stance | 第102-105页 |
| 6.1 Schematic Conclusion | 第102-103页 |
| 6.2 Prospect | 第103-105页 |
| References | 第105-125页 |
| Published Work during PhD | 第125-126页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第126-127页 |
