| Acknowledgement | 第4-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-8页 |
| Abbreviations and Symbols | 第8-16页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction and Literature Review | 第16-31页 |
| 1.1 Introduction | 第16页 |
| 1.2 Environmental Pollution | 第16-18页 |
| 1.2.1 Point source pollution | 第17页 |
| 1.2.2 Nonpoint Source pollution and its effect on the environment | 第17-18页 |
| 1.3 Industrial waste water pollution | 第18-19页 |
| 1.4 Ammonia in industrial waste water | 第19-20页 |
| 1.5 Traditional Techniques for waste water treatment | 第20页 |
| 1.6 Advanced Techniques for waste water treatment | 第20-23页 |
| 1.6.1 Cold Oxidation Techniques | 第21页 |
| 1.6.2 Wet oxidation processes(Hot Oxidation Techniques) | 第21-23页 |
| 1.6.2.1 Wet Air Oxidation (WAO) | 第22页 |
| 1.6.2.2 Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) | 第22-23页 |
| 1.7 Literature Review | 第23-27页 |
| 1.7.1 Homogeneous catalysts | 第24-25页 |
| 1.7.2 Heterogeneous catalysts | 第25-27页 |
| 1.7.2.1 Metal and metal oxide catalysts | 第25-27页 |
| 1.7.2.2 Noble metal catalysts | 第27页 |
| 1.8 Reaction Mechanism | 第27-28页 |
| 1.9 Overview of ammonia pollution and its control by CWAO | 第28-30页 |
| 1.10 Scopes and objectives | 第30-31页 |
| Chapter 2 Chemicals and Experimental Setup | 第31-51页 |
| 2.1 Main Chemicals | 第31-33页 |
| 2.2 Major Experimental Instruments and Apparatus | 第33-35页 |
| 2.3 Catalysts Preparation | 第35-38页 |
| 2.3.1 Chemical Reduction Method | 第36-38页 |
| 2.3.1.1 Mixing | 第36-37页 |
| 2.3.1.2 Filtration and Washing of Catalyst | 第37页 |
| 2.3.1.3 Drying | 第37页 |
| 2.3.1.4 Calcination of catalysts | 第37-38页 |
| 2.3.2 Impregnation Method | 第38页 |
| 2.4 Experimental setup | 第38-40页 |
| 2.4.1 Apparatus and procedure | 第38-39页 |
| 2.4.2 Batch Reaction | 第39页 |
| 2.4.3 Continuous Reaction | 第39-40页 |
| 2.5 Product Analysis | 第40-43页 |
| 2.5.1 Ammonia Conversion | 第40-41页 |
| 2.5.2 N_2 Selectivity Analysis | 第41-42页 |
| 2.5.2.1 Retention Time | 第41-42页 |
| 2.5.3 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) | 第42-43页 |
| 2.6 Techniques of Catalysts Characterization | 第43-51页 |
| 2.6.1 X-ray diffraction(XRD) | 第43-45页 |
| 2.6.1.1 Principle of XRD: | 第43-45页 |
| 2.6.2 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) | 第45-46页 |
| 2.6.3 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) | 第46-47页 |
| 2.6.4 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) | 第47-48页 |
| 2.6.5 Inductively coupled plasma Mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) | 第48页 |
| 2.6.6 Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR) | 第48-49页 |
| 2.6.7 UV Visible Spectrophotometer | 第49-51页 |
| Chapter 3 Preliminary Experiments/study | 第51-67页 |
| 3.1 Basis for this study | 第51-52页 |
| 3.2 Catalysts | 第52-54页 |
| 3.3 Screening out the stable support for catalyst | 第54-57页 |
| 3.3.1 XRD Analysis of Pd supported on activated carbon | 第56-57页 |
| 3.4 Catalytic Performance of Ru Catalysts | 第57-60页 |
| 3.4.1 Stability of Ru catalysts | 第58-60页 |
| 3.4.2 Advantages of TiO_2 support | 第60页 |
| 3.5 Fresh Ru/TiO_2 catalyst characterization | 第60-62页 |
| 3.5.1 BET Surface area, pore structure and XRD | 第60-61页 |
| 3.5.2 TEM Analysis | 第61-62页 |
| 3.6 Initial Selectivity of Ru catalyst | 第62-63页 |
| 3.7 Synthesis of new bimetallic catalysts | 第63-67页 |
| 3.7.1 Comparison of catalytic activity for monometallic and bimetallic catalysts | 第63-64页 |
| 3.7.2 Stability of Ru-Co/Ti02 catalysts | 第64-65页 |
| 3.7.3 Initial selectivity of bimetallic catalysts | 第65-67页 |
| Chapter 4 Effect of weak acid anion on catalytic wet air oxidation of ammoniato molecular nitrogen | 第67-82页 |
| 4.1 CWAO Reaction for NH4CI solution | 第67-69页 |
| 4.1.1 Key equilibrium reactions for CWAO of ammonia | 第69页 |
| 4.2 Synthesis of Catalysts | 第69-70页 |
| 4.3 CWAO Reaction procedure | 第70页 |
| 4.4 Analysis | 第70-71页 |
| 4.5 Results and Discussion | 第71-81页 |
| 4.5.1 Catalyst Characterizations(Morphological Analysis) | 第71-72页 |
| 4.5.2 Effect of different acid anions on ammonia conversion | 第72-73页 |
| 4.5.3 Effect of pH on ammonia conversion | 第73-74页 |
| 4.5.4 Effect of temperature on ammonia conversion and N_2 selectivity | 第74-76页 |
| 4.5.5 Effect of temperature on TOC conversion | 第76页 |
| 4.5.6 Catalytic performance of Pt/TiO_2 and Ru/TiO_2catalyst | 第76-77页 |
| 4.5.7 Evolutions of ammonia conversion and pH | 第77-80页 |
| 4.5.8 Reaction behavior between NH_4~+ and NO_2~- | 第80-81页 |
| 4.6 Conclusion | 第81-82页 |
| Chapter 5 Catalytic performance of Ru-Co/TiO_2 bimetallic catalyst andinfluence of weak acid anion on its selectivity for CWAO of ammonia | 第82-95页 |
| 5.1 Activity and selectivity Study of Ru-Co catalysts | 第82-86页 |
| 5.1.1 CWAO reaction for NH4CI solution | 第83-84页 |
| 5.1.2 CWAO reaction for CH_3COONH_4 solution | 第84-86页 |
| 5.2 Effect of changing temperature on ammonia conversion and N_2- Selectivity | 第86-88页 |
| 5.3 Metal Leaching | 第88页 |
| 5.4 Morphological analysis of TiO_2 support and catalysts | 第88-95页 |
| 5.4.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies | 第88-89页 |
| 5.4.2 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Analysis | 第89-91页 |
| 5.4.3 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies | 第91-92页 |
| 5.4.4 H_2-TPR measurements | 第92-95页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion and future work | 第95-97页 |
| 6.1 Conclusion | 第95-96页 |
| 6.2 Future Work | 第96-97页 |
| Dedication | 第97页 |
| Research Publications | 第97-98页 |
| References | 第98-104页 |
