| Abstract | 第1-9页 |
| 中文摘要 | 第9-11页 |
| Abbreviations | 第11-13页 |
| Chapter 1:Review: Molecular regulation of vascular development | 第13-53页 |
| 1. Blood and Lymphatic Vascular System | 第14-22页 |
| ·The Blood Vascular System | 第15-17页 |
| ·Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis | 第16-17页 |
| ·Arterial-Venous Specification | 第17页 |
| ·The Lymphatic Vascular System | 第17-22页 |
| ·LECs Budding from Cardinal Vein | 第18-19页 |
| ·Primary Lymph Sac Formation | 第19-20页 |
| ·Lymphatic-Blood Vessel Separation | 第20-21页 |
| ·Lymphatic Vessel Maturation | 第21-22页 |
| 2. Molecular Regulation of Vascular Development | 第22-34页 |
| ·Vascular endothelial growth factors and receptors | 第22-27页 |
| ·Vascular endothelial growth factors | 第23-25页 |
| ·VEGF-A | 第23-24页 |
| ·VEGF-C | 第24-25页 |
| ·Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors | 第25-27页 |
| ·VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 | 第25-26页 |
| ·VEGFR-3 | 第26-27页 |
| ·Neuropilins,co-receptors for VEGFRs | 第27页 |
| ·Angiopoietins and Ties | 第27-29页 |
| ·Notch signaling | 第29-31页 |
| ·Other molecules regulating vascular development | 第31-32页 |
| ·Molecular identity of blood and lymphatic endothelial calls | 第32-34页 |
| 3. Akt signaling pathway in vascular development | 第34-41页 |
| ·Three Akt isoforms | 第35-36页 |
| ·Akt is a signal transducer for PI3K | 第36-37页 |
| ·Akt related mice models and their phenotypes | 第37-39页 |
| ·Akt in vascular system | 第39-41页 |
| ·Akt in endothelial cell functions | 第39-40页 |
| ·Akt in vascular development | 第40-41页 |
| References | 第41-53页 |
| Chapter 2:Dissection of Akt signaling pathway inlymphatic vascular development | 第53-95页 |
| Introduction | 第54-57页 |
| Material and Methods | 第57-62页 |
| Results | 第62-84页 |
| Section 2.1 Akt1~(-/-) mice showed thinner lymphatic capillariesas a result of decreased LECs number | 第62-71页 |
| ·Decrease of lymphatic capillary size in Akt1~(-/-) mice | 第62-64页 |
| ·Developmental angiogenesis not altered in Akt1~(-/-) null mice | 第64-65页 |
| ·Decreased LECs number in Akt1~(-/-) lymphatics | 第65-66页 |
| ·LECs proliferation and apoptosis not altered in Akt1~(-/-) mice | 第66-68页 |
| ·No obvious change of eNOS phosphorylation in Akt1~(-/-) mice | 第68-69页 |
| ·Conclusion and brief discussion | 第69-71页 |
| Section 2.2 Defective lymphatic vascular maturation in Akt1~(-/-) mice | 第71-78页 |
| ·Defective lymphatic valve formation in Akt1~(-/-) mice | 第71-73页 |
| ·Dilated collecting lymphatic vessels in Akt1 deficient mice | 第73-75页 |
| ·Abnormal vSMC coverage with collecting lymphatics in Akt1~(-/-) mice | 第75-76页 |
| ·Conclusion and brief discussion | 第76-78页 |
| Section 2.3 Compensatory effects between Akt isoforms | 第78-84页 |
| ·Akt acts as downstream effecter for VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling | 第78-79页 |
| ·Induction of lymphangiogenesis by VEGF-C in Akt1~(-/-) mice | 第79-80页 |
| ·Detection of lymphatic vessels in Akt compound knockout mice | 第80-82页 |
| ·Conclusion and brief discussion | 第82-84页 |
| Discussion | 第84-89页 |
| References | 第89-95页 |
| Original Publication | 第95-96页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第96-97页 |
| 致谢 | 第97-98页 |
