| Abstract | 第6-7页 |
| Abbreviations | 第8-9页 |
| Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION | 第9-25页 |
| 1.1 Abiotic stress | 第11-14页 |
| 1.1.1 Cold | 第11-12页 |
| 1.1.2 Drought | 第12-13页 |
| 1.1.3 Salinity | 第13-14页 |
| 1.2 ROS generation and effect on Plants | 第14-15页 |
| 1.3 Role of compatible solutes in stress | 第15-17页 |
| 1.4 Gas exchange and water relations attribute under stress | 第17-18页 |
| 1.5 Calcium and calmodulin-like proteins | 第18-20页 |
| 1.6 Response of calmodulin-like proteins under stress | 第20-23页 |
| 1.7 Objectives | 第23-25页 |
| Chapter 2 Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of calmodulin-like (CML) proteins in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) | 第25-54页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第25-26页 |
| 2.2 Materials and methods | 第26-31页 |
| 2.2.1 Database searches to identify CML proteins | 第26-27页 |
| 2.2.2 Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis | 第27页 |
| 2.2.3 Putative cis-acting element analysis | 第27页 |
| 2.2.4 Analysis of gene duplication and conserved motifs | 第27-28页 |
| 2.2.5 Chromosomal locations of Sl CML genes | 第28页 |
| 2.2.6 Expression profiles of the Sl CML genes | 第28页 |
| 2.2.7 Hormonal and abiotic stress treatments | 第28-29页 |
| 2.2.8 RNA extraction and primer design | 第29页 |
| 2.2.9 Gene expression analysis using real-time PCR | 第29-31页 |
| 2.3 Results | 第31-50页 |
| 2.3.1 CML proteins in tomato genome | 第31-39页 |
| 2.3.2 Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis | 第39页 |
| 2.3.3 Gene structure and conserved motifs of the Sl CMLs | 第39-41页 |
| 2.3.4 Chromosomal location and duplication of the Sl CMLs | 第41-43页 |
| 2.3.5 Putative cis-element analysis in promoter regions of Sl CML genes | 第43-47页 |
| 2.3.6 Sl CML gene expression pattern in different organs | 第47-49页 |
| 2.3.7 Expression of Sl CML genes under hormonal and abiotic stress treatments | 第49-50页 |
| 2.4 Discussion | 第50-53页 |
| 2.5 Conclusion | 第53-54页 |
| Chapter 3 Overexpression of calmodulin-like (Sh CML44) stress-responsive gene from Solanum habrochaites, enhances tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses | 第54-92页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第54-57页 |
| 3.2 Materials and methods | 第57-64页 |
| 3.2.1 Plant material and growth conditions | 第57页 |
| 3.2.2 Abiotic stress and hormonal treatment | 第57页 |
| 3.2.3 Isolation and sequence analysis of Sh CML44 | 第57-58页 |
| 3.2.4 Plant transformation and molecular characterization of transgenic tomato | 第58页 |
| 3.2.5 Abiotic stress tolerance assays | 第58-60页 |
| 3.2.6 Expression analysis by RT-PCR and q RT-PCR | 第60-61页 |
| 3.2.7 Measurements of relative electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, proline, andchlorophyll | 第61-62页 |
| 3.2.8 Enzyme activity assays | 第62页 |
| 3.2.9 Measurements of water loss and RWC | 第62-63页 |
| 3.2.10 Leaf gas exchange attributes and WUE | 第63页 |
| 3.2.11 Statistical Analyses | 第63-64页 |
| 3.3 Results | 第64-86页 |
| 3.3.1 Isolation and sequence analysis of Sh CML44 | 第64-65页 |
| 3.3.2 Expression pattern analysis of Sh CML44 | 第65-67页 |
| 3.3.3 Putative cis-acting regulatory elements in CML44 promoters region | 第67-69页 |
| 3.3.4 Transformation and characterization of transgenic plants | 第69页 |
| 3.3.5 Cold tolerance of Sh CML44 overexpressing plants | 第69-75页 |
| 3.3.6 Drought tolerance of Sh CML44 overexpressing plants | 第75-80页 |
| 3.3.7 Salinity tolerance of Sh CML44 overexpressing plants | 第80-83页 |
| 3.3.8 Gene expression analysis in Sh CML44 overexpressing plants | 第83-86页 |
| 3.4 Discussion | 第86-92页 |
| References | 第92-108页 |
| Publications | 第108-109页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 第109-110页 |
| Appendix | 第110-114页 |
