| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 第5-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第6-7页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第7页 |
| CHAPTER 1 Introduction | 第12-27页 |
| 1.1 Broad Overview | 第12-15页 |
| 1.2 Statistics of Natural Resources in Selected African Countries | 第15-25页 |
| 1.2.1 Guinea Bissau | 第17-20页 |
| 1.2.2 Ghana | 第20-22页 |
| 1.2.3 Nigeria | 第22-23页 |
| 1.2.4 Sierra Leone | 第23-25页 |
| 1.3 Research Objectives | 第25页 |
| 1.4 Literature Review | 第25-27页 |
| CHAPTER 2 Governance of Natural Resources in West Africa | 第27-46页 |
| 2.1 Overview | 第27-31页 |
| 2.2 Issues affecting Natural Resource Governance in West Africa | 第31-46页 |
| 2.2.1 Leadership Crisis | 第31-34页 |
| 2.2.2 Corruption | 第34-36页 |
| 2.2.3 Transparency Issues | 第36-38页 |
| 2.2.4. Conflicts | 第38-40页 |
| 2.2.5 Mismanagement of Resource Revenue | 第40页 |
| 2.2.6 Seclusion of Local Communities | 第40-44页 |
| 2.2.7 Role of Foreign Investors | 第44-46页 |
| Chapter 3 International Investment Agreements in West Africa | 第46-85页 |
| 3.1 Section 1 | 第46-55页 |
| 3.1.1 Introduction | 第46-48页 |
| 3.1.2 Current Issues of International Investment Agreements in West Africa | 第48-50页 |
| 3.1.3 Why do African countries sign International Investment Agreements | 第50-55页 |
| 3.2 Section 2 Analysis of International Investment Agreements in Africa | 第55-69页 |
| 3.2.1 Nature of IIAs signed by African Countries | 第55-58页 |
| 3.2.2 National Treatment | 第58-61页 |
| 3.2.3 Most-Favored-Nation Treatment(MFN) | 第61-64页 |
| 3.2.4 Fair and Equitable Treatment(FET) | 第64-66页 |
| 3.2.5 Expropriation | 第66-69页 |
| 3.3 Umbrella Clause | 第69页 |
| 3.4 Environmental and Social Provisions | 第69-71页 |
| 3.5 Investor-State Dispute Settlement(ISDS) | 第71-77页 |
| 3.5.1 Criticisms of ISDS Mechanism | 第72-75页 |
| 3.5.2 Observation of Substantive Provisions and Investor-State Dispute Settlement | 第75页 |
| 3.5.3 Limitation of Objectives | 第75-76页 |
| 3.5.4 Extensive Investment Protection | 第76页 |
| 3.5.5 Ambiguity of Interpretation | 第76-77页 |
| 3.6 Section 3:Observations of IIAs in Africa | 第77-85页 |
| 3.6.1 The Rights and Obligations of Investors and States | 第77-78页 |
| 3.6.2 Environmental and Social Clauses | 第78-79页 |
| 3.6.3 Investor-State Dispute Settlement | 第79-81页 |
| 3.6.4 Effects of International Investment Agreements on Natural Resource Sectors in Africa | 第81-85页 |
| Chapter 4 The Quest for Effective IIAs | 第85-105页 |
| 4.1 Efficient and Effective International Investment Agreements for West African Countries | 第85-96页 |
| 4.1.2 Why the Essence of Sustainable Development-Infused IIAs? | 第87-89页 |
| 4.1.3. Sustainable Development Models West African Countries Can Employ to Draft Their IIAs | 第89-96页 |
| 4.2 Natural Resource Sovereignty as a Foundation for Sustainable Development for West Africa | 第96-99页 |
| 4.2.1 African Perspective of Sovereignty over Natural Resources | 第98-99页 |
| 4.3 Promoting Sound Natural Resource Governance | 第99-101页 |
| 4.3.1 Transparency and Accountability | 第99-100页 |
| 4.3.2 Decentralization | 第100页 |
| 4.3.3 Social Protection | 第100-101页 |
| 4.4 Conclusion | 第101-102页 |
| 4.5 Recommendations | 第102-105页 |
| References | 第105-113页 |
