| ABSTRACT | 第6-7页 |
| CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW | 第15-31页 |
| 1.1 Introduction | 第15-21页 |
| 1.1.1 Hydrotreating of Refinery Streams | 第15-16页 |
| 1.1.2 Different S-compounds Encountered in HDS | 第16-17页 |
| 1.1.3 S-compounds in Refinery Streams | 第17-18页 |
| 1.1.4 Reaction Pathway of Model Compound Thiophene (Ts) | 第18-19页 |
| 1.1.5 Conventional HDS | 第19页 |
| 1.1.6 The S-compounds in Diesel Oil Fractions:Nature and Reactivity | 第19-20页 |
| 1.1.7 The Mechanism of HDS | 第20-21页 |
| 1.2 IMPORTANCE OF HDS | 第21-22页 |
| 1.3 CLASSIFICATION OF DESULFURIZATION TECHNOLOGIES | 第22-24页 |
| 1.4 STATE OF ART FOR CATALYTIC AND ALTERNATIVE HDS PROCESSES | 第24页 |
| 1.5 DIFFERENT CATALYSTS | 第24-30页 |
| 1.5.1 Structure of the Oxide Catalyst | 第25页 |
| 1.5.2 Structure of the Sulfide Catalyst | 第25-26页 |
| 1.5.3 Review of Catalysts | 第26-28页 |
| 1.5.4 Comparison of CoMo/Al_2O_3 with NiMo/Al_2O_3 for HDS of 4,6-DMDBT | 第28-30页 |
| 1.6 AIM OF THE WORK | 第30-31页 |
| CHAPTER 2 EXPERIMENTAL METHOD | 第31-45页 |
| 2.1 MATERIALS USED | 第31页 |
| 2.2 CATALYST CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES | 第31-36页 |
| 2.2.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) | 第31-32页 |
| 2.2.2 Surface Area and Porosity Analysis | 第32-34页 |
| 2.2.3 Powder X-ray Diffraction | 第34-35页 |
| 2.2.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) | 第35-36页 |
| 2.3 HDS ACTIVITY MEASUREMENT | 第36-45页 |
| 2.3.1 Reaction Studies | 第37-41页 |
| 2.3.1.1 The Advantages of Microactivity-Reference Units | 第39页 |
| 2.3.1.2 The Disadvantages of Microactivity-Reference Units | 第39-40页 |
| 2.3.1.3 Calibration of Hydrogen Gas | 第40页 |
| 2.3.1.4 Calibration of Ts | 第40-41页 |
| 2.3.2 Set-up of Gas Chromatography (GC) | 第41-43页 |
| 2.3.2.1 GC Calibration of Ts | 第42-43页 |
| 2.3.3 Set-up of Total Sulphur Analyser | 第43-45页 |
| 2.3.3.1 Total Sulphur Analyser Calibration | 第44-45页 |
| CHAPTER 3 PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CATALYST | 第45-69页 |
| 3.1 PREPARATION OF CATALYSTS | 第45-48页 |
| 3.1.1 Preparation NiMo/γ-Al_2O_3 Supported Catalyst | 第45页 |
| 3.1.2. Preparation RuNiMo/γ-Al_2O_3 Supported Catalyst | 第45-46页 |
| 3.1.3 Preparation LaNiMo/γ-Al_2O_3 Supported Catalyst | 第46-47页 |
| 3.1.4 Preparation CeNiMo/γ-Al_2O_3 Supported Catalyst | 第47-48页 |
| 3.2 CATALYST CHARACTERIZATION | 第48-69页 |
| 3.2.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis(TGA) | 第48-51页 |
| 3.2.2 Surface Area and Porosity Studies | 第51-57页 |
| 3.2.2.1 BET of the Catalyst NiMo/γ-Al_2O_3 | 第51-53页 |
| 3.2.2.2 BET of the Catalyst RuNiMo/γ-Al_2O_3 | 第53-54页 |
| 3.2.2.3 BET of the Catalyst LaNiMo/γ-Al_2O_3 | 第54-55页 |
| 3.2.2.4 BET of the Catalyst CeNiMo/γ-Al_2O_3 | 第55-57页 |
| 3.2.3 Powder X-ray Diffraction | 第57-61页 |
| 3.2.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) | 第61-69页 |
| 3.2.4.1 SEM of the Catalyst NiMo/γ-Al_2O_3 | 第61-62页 |
| 3.2.4.2 SEM of the Catalyst RuNiMo/γ-Al_2O_3 | 第62-64页 |
| 3.2.4.3 SEM of the Catalyst LaNiMo/γ-Al_2O_3 | 第64-66页 |
| 3.2.4.4 SEM of the Catalyst CeNiMo/γ-Al_2O_3 | 第66-69页 |
| CHAPTER 4 HDS EXPERIMENTS EVALUATION | 第69-92页 |
| 4.1 HDS oF TS OVER NIMo/Γ-AL_2O_3 | 第69-72页 |
| 4.2 HDS OF TS OVER RUNIMO/Γ-AL_2O_3 | 第72-74页 |
| 4.3 HDS OF TS OVER LANIMO/Γ-AL_2O_3 | 第74-76页 |
| 4.4 HDS OF TS OVER CENIMO/Γ-AL_2O_3 | 第76-79页 |
| 4.5 ACTIVITY OF THE CATALYSTS AT VARIABLE TEMPERATURES WITH THE TIME-ON-STREAM | 第79-91页 |
| 4.5.1 Activity of the Catalysts After 60 min of Time-on-Stream Under Variable Temperatures | 第79-82页 |
| 4.5.1.1 Activity of Catalyst(A)at Temperature 250℃ | 第79-80页 |
| 4.5.1.2 Activity of Catalyst(A)at Temperature 300℃ | 第80页 |
| 4.5.1.3 Activity of Catalyst(A)at Temperature 350℃ | 第80页 |
| 4.5.1.4. Activity of Catalyst(B)at Temperature 250℃ | 第80页 |
| 4.5.1.5 Activity of Catalyst(B)at Temperature 300℃ | 第80页 |
| 4.5.1.6 Activity of Catalyst(B)at Temperature 350℃ | 第80-81页 |
| 4.5.1.7 Activity of Catalyst(C)at Temperature 250℃ | 第81页 |
| 4.5.1.8 Activity ofCatalyst(C)at Temperature 300℃ | 第81页 |
| 4.5.1.9 Activity of Catalyst(C)at Temperature 350℃ | 第81页 |
| 4.5.1.10 Activity of Catalyst(D)at Temperature 250℃ | 第81页 |
| 4.5.1.11 Activity of Catalyst(D)at Temperature 300℃ | 第81页 |
| 4.5.1.12 Activity of Catalyst(D)at Temperature 350℃ | 第81-82页 |
| 4.5.2 Activity of the Catalysts After 120 min of Time-on-Stream Under Variable Temperatures | 第82-85页 |
| 4.5.2.1 Activity of Catalyst(A)at Temperature 250℃ | 第82页 |
| 4.5.2.2 Activity of Catalyst(A)at Temperature 300℃ | 第82-83页 |
| 4.5.2.3 Activity of Catalyst(A)at Temperature 350℃ | 第83页 |
| 4.5.2.4 Activity of Catalyst(B)at Temperature 250℃ | 第83页 |
| 4.5.2.5 Activity of Catalyst(B)at Temperature 300℃ | 第83页 |
| 4.5.2.6 Activity of Catalyst(B)at Temperature 350℃ | 第83页 |
| 4.5.2.7 Activity of Catalyst(C)at Temperature 250℃ | 第83页 |
| 4.5.2.8 Activity of Catalyst(C)at Temperature 300℃ | 第83-84页 |
| 4.5.2.9 Activity of Catalyst(C)at Temperature 350℃ | 第84页 |
| 4.5.2.10 Activity of Catalyst(D)at Temperature 250℃ | 第84页 |
| 4.5.2.11 Activity of Catalyst(D)at Temperature 300℃ | 第84页 |
| 4.5.2.12 Activity of Catalyst(D)at Temperature 350℃ | 第84-85页 |
| 4.5.3 Activity of the Catalysts After 180 min of Time-on-Stream Under Variable Temperatures | 第85-87页 |
| 4.5.3.1 Activity of Catalyst(A)at Temperature 250℃ | 第85页 |
| 4.5.3.2 Activity of Catalyst(A)at Temperature 300℃ | 第85-86页 |
| 4.5.3.3 Activity of Catalyst(A)at Temperature 350℃ | 第86页 |
| 4.5.3.4 Activity of Catalyst(B)at Temperature 250℃ | 第86页 |
| 4.5.3.5 Activity of Catalyst(B)at Temperature 300℃ | 第86页 |
| 4.5.3.6 Activity of Catalyst(B)at Temperature 350℃ | 第86页 |
| 4.5.3.7 Activity of Catalyst(C)at Temperature 250℃ | 第86页 |
| 4.5.3.8 Activity of Catalyst(C)at Temperature 300℃ | 第86-87页 |
| 4.5.3.9 Activity of Catalyst(C)at Temperature 350℃ | 第87页 |
| 4.5.3.10 Activity of Catalyst(D)at Temperature 250℃ | 第87页 |
| 4.5.3.11 Accivity of Catalyst(D)at Temperature 300℃ | 第87页 |
| 4.5.3.12 Activity of Catalyst(D)at Temperature 350℃ | 第87页 |
| 4.5.4 Activity of the Catalysts After 240 min of Time-on-Stream Under Variable Temperatures | 第87-91页 |
| 4.5.4.1 Activity of Catalyst(A)at Temperature 250℃ | 第88页 |
| 4.5.4.2 Activity of Calalyst(A)at Temperature 300℃ | 第88页 |
| 4.5.4.3 Activity of Catalyst(A)at Temperature 350℃ | 第88-89页 |
| 4.5.4.4 Activity of Catalyst(B)at Temperature 250℃ | 第89页 |
| 4.5.4.5 Activity of Catalyst(B)at Temperature 300℃ | 第89页 |
| 4.5.4.6 Activity of Catalyst(B)at Temperature 350℃ | 第89页 |
| 4.5.4.7 Activity of Catalyst(C)at Temperature 250℃ | 第89页 |
| 4.5.4.8 Activity of Catalyst(C)at Temperature 300℃ | 第89-90页 |
| 4.5.4.9 Activity of Catalyst(C)at Temperature 350℃ | 第90页 |
| 4.5.4.10 Activity of Catalyst(D)at Temperature 250℃ | 第90页 |
| 4.5.4.11 Activity of Catalyst(D)at Teperature 300℃ | 第90页 |
| 4.5.4.12 Activity of Catalyst(D)at Temperature 350℃ | 第90-91页 |
| 4.6 CONCLUSION | 第91-92页 |
| CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS | 第92-94页 |
| 5.1 CONCLUSION | 第92-93页 |
| 5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS | 第93-94页 |
| REFERENCES | 第94-100页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第100-101页 |
| 北京化工大学硕士研究生学位论文答辩委员会决议书 | 第101-102页 |
