| ABSTRACT | 第4-5页 |
| 摘要 | 第6-13页 |
| Chapter 1 Literature Review | 第13-33页 |
| 1.1. Introduction | 第13-15页 |
| 1.2. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) | 第15-20页 |
| 1.2.1. Structural features | 第16-20页 |
| 1.2.1.1. Synthesis of LDHs co-precipitation methods | 第17-18页 |
| 1.2.1.2. Urea hydrolysis methods | 第18-20页 |
| 1.3. Hydrogen energy | 第20-23页 |
| 1.4. Biomass energy (carbohydrate) | 第23-25页 |
| 1.4.1. Glucose | 第23-25页 |
| 1.5. Noble-metal | 第25-26页 |
| 1.5.1. Pd -based catalysts | 第26页 |
| 1.6. Photocatalysis | 第26-32页 |
| 1.6.1 ZnO-based catalyst | 第29-30页 |
| 1.6.2. TiO_2-based catalyst | 第30页 |
| 1.6.3. NiO-based catalyst | 第30-31页 |
| 1.6.4. Al_2O_3 -based catalyst | 第31页 |
| 1.6.5. MgO -based catalyst | 第31-32页 |
| 1.7. Objectives | 第32-33页 |
| Chapter 2 Experimental Part | 第33-43页 |
| 2.1. Chemicals | 第33-34页 |
| 2.2. LDHs layered double hydroxides catalysts synthesis | 第34-36页 |
| 2.2.1. Synthesis of (M~(+2)=Zn,Mg and Ni)M~(+2)/ Ti~(+4) Al~(+3)-LDHs layered doublehydroxides | 第34页 |
| 2.2.2. Preparation and Synthesis of ZnTi-LDHs with different molar ratios (2:1)(3:1)(4:1)of Zn~(2+)/Ti~4 | 第34-35页 |
| 2.2.3. Method loaded Pd surface of layered double hydroxides | 第35-36页 |
| 2.3. Schematic equipment setup in reaction | 第36-39页 |
| 2.3.1. Photocatalytic reactor performance for hydrogen production | 第36-37页 |
| 2.3.2. Gas Chromatograph (GC) | 第37-38页 |
| 2.3.3. Hydrogen standard curve | 第38-39页 |
| 2.4. Characterization | 第39-43页 |
| 2.4.1. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) | 第39页 |
| 2.4.2. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) | 第39页 |
| 2.4.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) | 第39-40页 |
| 2.4.4. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) | 第40页 |
| 2.4.5. Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) Specific Surface Area Analysis | 第40-41页 |
| 2.4.6. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy | 第41页 |
| 2.4.7. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) | 第41-43页 |
| Chapter 3 Results and discussion | 第43-65页 |
| 3.1. Results and discussion of (M~(+2)=Zn, Mg and Ni) M~(+2)/Ti~(+4)Al~(+3)-CO_3-LDHs | 第43-54页 |
| 3.1.1. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) | 第43-44页 |
| 3.1.2. XRD of (M~(+2)=Zn, Mg and Ni)M~(+2)/Ti~(+4)Al~(+3)-CO_3-LDHs | 第44-45页 |
| 3.1.3. XRD of (M~(+2)=Zn,Mg and Ni)M~(+2)/Ti~(+4)Al~(+3)-CO_3-LDO | 第45-47页 |
| 3.1.4. UV-vis curves of (M~(+2)=Zn, Mg and Ni)M~(+2)/Ti~(+4) Al~(+3)-CO_3-LDO | 第47-48页 |
| 3.1.5. N_2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and surface Area of (M~(+2)=Zn, Mg and Ni)M~(+2)/Ti~(+4)Al~(+3)-CO_3-LDO | 第48-49页 |
| 3.1.6. SEM Images of (M~(+2)=Zn,Mg and Ni)M~(+2)/Ti~(+4)Al~(+3)-CO_3-LDO | 第49-50页 |
| 3.1.7. EDS of (M~(+2)=Zn, Mg and Ni)M~(+2)/ Ti~(+4) Al~(+3)-CO_3-LDO | 第50-51页 |
| 3.1.8. TEM Images of ZnTiAl-Pd-LDO | 第51-52页 |
| 3.1.9. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)of 4:1 ZnTiAl-Pd-LDO | 第52-54页 |
| 3.2. Results and discussion of Zn-Ti-Pd-LDHs with different molar ratio of Zn~(+2):Ti~(+4)(2:1),(3:1)and (4:1) | 第54-65页 |
| 3.2.1. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) | 第54-55页 |
| 3.2.2. XRD patterns of Zn-Ti-Pd-LDHs with different molar ratios (2:1),(3:1)and (4:1) | 第55-56页 |
| 3.2.3. XRD patterns of Zn-Ti-Pd-LDO with different molar ratios (2:1),(3:1)and (4:1) | 第56-57页 |
| 3.2.4 UV-Vis patterns of(1)2:1 Zn-Ti-Pd-LDO, (2)3:1 Zn-Ti-Pd-LDO and(3)4:1 Zn-Ti-Pd-LDO | 第57-58页 |
| 3.2.5. N_2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and Surface Area of 2:1 Zn-Ti-Pd-LDO,3:1 Zn-Ti-Pd-LDO and 4:1 Zn-Ti-Pd-LDO | 第58-59页 |
| 3.2.6. SEM Images of (A) 2:1 Zn-Ti-Pd-LDO,(B) 3:1 Zn-Ti-Pd-LDO and(C)4:1 Zn-Ti -Pd-LDO | 第59-60页 |
| 3.2.7. EDS Images of (A) 2:1 Zn-Ti-Pd-LDO, (B)3:1 Zn-Ti-Pd-LDO and(C)4:1 Zn-Ti-Pd-LDO | 第60-61页 |
| 3.2.8. TEM Images of 4:1 ZnTi-Pd-LDO | 第61-62页 |
| 3.2.9. XPS spectrum of 4:1 ZnTi-Pd-LDO | 第62-65页 |
| Chapter 4 Photocatalytic Performanc | 第65-71页 |
| 4. Photocatalytic Activity | 第65-71页 |
| 4.1. Effect of M~(+2)/TiAl-Pd-LDO (M~(+2)= Mg, Ni and Zn):in H_2 production | 第65-67页 |
| 4.2. Effect of Zn-Ti-Pd-LDO with different molar ratios(2:1),(3:1) and (4:1) inH_2 production | 第67-68页 |
| 4.3. Photocatalytic Mechanism | 第68-71页 |
| Chapter 5 Conclusion | 第71-73页 |
| Reference | 第73-83页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第83-84页 |
| Brief Introduction of the Author and Supervisor | 第84-86页 |
| 附件 | 第86-87页 |
