| Lsit of Figuers | 第1-10页 |
| Abbreviations | 第10-11页 |
| 摘要 | 第11-13页 |
| Abstract | 第13-16页 |
| Introduction | 第16-26页 |
| 1. Liver | 第16页 |
| 2. Mechanisms of Liver Injury | 第16-17页 |
| 3. Acute and Chronic Hepatic Injury | 第17页 |
| 4. Alcoholic Liver Disease | 第17-26页 |
| Chapter 1Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa Reverses Alcohol-Induced Acute Liver Steatosis through Blocking Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-1 Maturation | 第26-42页 |
| Abstract | 第26-27页 |
| ·Introduction | 第27-29页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第29-32页 |
| ·Chemical | 第29页 |
| ·Preparation of Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa | 第29页 |
| ·Animals and treatment | 第29-30页 |
| ·Blood biochemistry | 第30页 |
| ·Determination of the serum and hepatic triglyceride level | 第30页 |
| ·The hepatic lipid peroxidation assay and antioxidant system examination | 第30页 |
| ·Histopathological analysis | 第30页 |
| ·Preparation of total protein and isolation of nuclear fractions from liver | 第30-31页 |
| ·Immunoblot analysis | 第31页 |
| ·Statistical analysis | 第31-32页 |
| ·Results | 第32-39页 |
| ·Effect of GM on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity | 第32页 |
| ·Effects of GM on the serum and hepatic triglyceride levels | 第32页 |
| ·Effects of GM on the content of MDA, GSH levels and activity of GPX, SOD, CAT | 第32-33页 |
| ·Effects of GM on CYP2E1 expression | 第33页 |
| ·Effects of GM on maturation of nuclear SREBP-1 involved in fatty acid synthesis | 第33-39页 |
| ·Discussion | 第39-42页 |
| Chapter 2 Anti-apoptotic activity of gentiopicroside inD-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced murine fulminant hepatic failure | 第42-63页 |
| Abstract | 第43-44页 |
| ·Introduction | 第44-46页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第46-49页 |
| ·Chemical | 第46页 |
| ·Experimental procedure | 第46页 |
| ·Determination of lethality | 第46-47页 |
| ·Blood biochemistry and serum TNF-α assay | 第47页 |
| ·Hepatic glutathion and lipid peroxidation assay | 第47页 |
| ·DNA fragmentation analysis | 第47页 |
| ·Western blot analysis | 第47页 |
| ·Statistical Analysis | 第47-49页 |
| ·Results | 第49-59页 |
| ·The effect of gentiopicroside on lethality | 第49页 |
| ·The effect of gentiopicroside on serum aminotransferase activities,TNF-α production, lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels | 第49-50页 |
| ·The effect of gentiopicroside on caspases activation and cytochrome c release in D-GalN/LPS-induced apoptosis | 第50页 |
| ·The effect of gentiopicroside on the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 | 第50-51页 |
| ·The effect of gentiopicroside on JNK/ERK MAPK expression | 第51-59页 |
| ·Discussion | 第59-63页 |
| Chapter 3 Hepatoprotective Effects of Sedum Sarmentosum on D-galactosamine/ Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Murine Fulminant Hepatic Failure | 第63-86页 |
| Abstract | 第64-65页 |
| ·Introduction | 第65-67页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第67-71页 |
| ·Chemical and reagent | 第67页 |
| ·Plant material and sample preparation | 第67页 |
| ·Animals and treatment | 第67-68页 |
| ·Cell cultures | 第68页 |
| ·Cell viability | 第68页 |
| ·Determination of lethality | 第68页 |
| ·Blood biochemistry and TNF-α assay | 第68页 |
| ·TUNEL assay | 第68-69页 |
| ·DNA fragmentation analysis | 第69页 |
| ·Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) | 第69页 |
| ·Western blot analysis | 第69-70页 |
| ·Statistical analysis | 第70-71页 |
| ·Results | 第71-83页 |
| ·Effects of SS on lethality in mice with D-GalN/LPS-induced fulminant hepatic failure | 第71页 |
| ·Effects of SS on serum ALT and AST levels of mice with D-GalN/LPS-induced fulminant hepatic failure | 第71页 |
| ·Effects of SS on serum TNF-α level of mice with D-GalN/LPS-induced fulminant hepatic failure | 第71-72页 |
| ·SS inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis in mice with D-GalN/LPS-induced fulminant hepatic failure | 第72页 |
| ·SS suppressed the transcription of LPS receptors | 第72-73页 |
| ·SS inhibits MAPK activation in mice with D-GalN/LPS-induced fulminant hepatic failure | 第73页 |
| ·Effects of SS on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages | 第73-83页 |
| ·Discussion | 第83-86页 |
| Chapter 4Ginsenosides Rh2 blocks Lipopolysaccharide-induced CD14/TLR4 signaling via suppressing Nuclear Factor-κB activation in macrophage | 第86-101页 |
| Abstract | 第87-88页 |
| ·Introduction | 第88-90页 |
| ·Materials and methods | 第90-92页 |
| ·Reagents | 第90页 |
| ·Cell culture | 第90页 |
| ·Cell viability assay | 第90页 |
| ·Quantification of NO production | 第90页 |
| ·Preparation of cellular extracts and Western blot analysis | 第90-91页 |
| ·Statistical analysis | 第91-92页 |
| ·Results | 第92-99页 |
| ·Ginsenoside Rh2 suppresses LPS-induced nitrite production in RAW 264.7 macrophages | 第92页 |
| ·Ginsenoside Rh2 blocks LPS-induced CD14/TLR4 protein expression | 第92页 |
| ·Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits LPS-induced TAK1/JNK phosphorylation | 第92页 |
| ·Effects of Ginsenosides Rh2 on NF-κB translocation and IκB-α degradation | 第92-93页 |
| ·Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits HIF-1α expression | 第93-99页 |
| ·Discussion | 第99-101页 |
| Conclusions | 第101-102页 |
| References | 第102-116页 |
| Publication | 第116-117页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第117页 |
