| ABSTRACT | 第1-17页 |
| 摘要 | 第17-19页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第19-20页 |
| Chapter 1 Overview and Methodological of Research | 第20-29页 |
| ·Overview of Research | 第20-21页 |
| ·Energy and Sustainable Development in Rural areas | 第21页 |
| ·Background Statement | 第21-23页 |
| a) China Electricity Industry | 第22-23页 |
| b) South Africa Electricity Industry | 第23页 |
| ·Background Statement | 第23-24页 |
| ·Purpose of the study | 第24-25页 |
| ·Hypothesis and Research Methodology | 第25-27页 |
| ·Cost of Electricity | 第27-28页 |
| a) location | 第27页 |
| b) Quality of supply | 第27-28页 |
| ·Outline of the Thesis | 第28-29页 |
| Chapter 2 Sustainable Development in Energy and Electricity Industry | 第29-65页 |
| Introduction | 第29页 |
| ·Energy for sustainable developemnt | 第29-36页 |
| a) Planning theories of Sustainable Development | 第30-32页 |
| b) The Concept of Sustainable Development | 第32-34页 |
| c) The objective of this Research | 第34页 |
| d) The Research Question | 第34-35页 |
| e) Sustainability, Goals in the Development of Energy and Electricity | 第35页 |
| f) Sustainable Development in the Electricity Industry | 第35-36页 |
| ·Sustainable Energy and Electricity for the Rural Communities | 第36-41页 |
| ·Challenges of Energy Services | 第36-37页 |
| ·Global Challenges of Electricity | 第37-41页 |
| a) The Challenges of Electricity sector | 第37-38页 |
| b) The Energy Challenges for Achieving the Millennium Development Goals. | 第38-39页 |
| c) Table 2.1 energy helps achieve the MDGs in various ways | 第39-40页 |
| d) Challenges in Electricity Distribution | 第40-41页 |
| 1. Availability | 第40页 |
| 2. Accessbility | 第40页 |
| 3. Affordability | 第40-41页 |
| ·The Challenges of Rural Electrification | 第41-43页 |
| a) The Challenges or dilemma of rural Electrification | 第41-42页 |
| b) Constraints for using Electricity in rural areas | 第42-43页 |
| c) Electrification and Poverty | 第43页 |
| ·Electrification & Rural Economic Development | 第43-48页 |
| ·Cost of Supply Determinants | 第44-48页 |
| a) Sustainable Electrification as a response to a social need | 第44-46页 |
| b) Potential social benefits of rural electrification | 第46页 |
| c) Electricity distribution for domestic consumption in rural communities | 第46-48页 |
| ·Measuring Sustainable Development | 第48-52页 |
| a) Economic development and Sustainable Development | 第49-52页 |
| ·Sustainable Electricity Distribution for the Remote areas for Developing Countries | 第52-58页 |
| a) Use of Electricity in Developing Countries | 第52-58页 |
| ·Rural Electrification in Developed Country | 第58-61页 |
| a) Sustainable Electricity Distribution for the Remote areas for ontario | 第58-61页 |
| ·Development trends of Rural Electrification | 第61-64页 |
| a) The nature of Economic benefits | 第61页 |
| b) Migration and Electrification | 第61页 |
| c) Economic Development and Rural Development | 第61-62页 |
| d) Electricity Relates to Sustainable Development in that it provides | 第62-63页 |
| e) Tackling the rural Electrification Problem in China and South Africa | 第63-64页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第64-65页 |
| Chapter 3 Electricity industry and rural electrification in China | 第65-96页 |
| ·Introduction | 第65页 |
| ·Electricity Industry under Planned Economy | 第65-68页 |
| ·Procedures for Electricity Supply under Planned Economy | 第68-69页 |
| ·Problems of the 'centrally planned' System | 第69-70页 |
| ·Investment in the Electricity Industry | 第70-72页 |
| ·Electricity Regulation in China | 第72-73页 |
| ·Introduction of Competition | 第73-76页 |
| a) Electricity Market Reform | 第73-74页 |
| b) Reasons for Electricity Demand Increase | 第74-76页 |
| 1. Economic growth | 第75页 |
| 2. Burst of depressed electricity by Consumption | 第75-76页 |
| ·Changes in energy consumption paradigm | 第76-80页 |
| a) Industrial Sector | 第76-77页 |
| b) Residential and commercial sector | 第77页 |
| c) Challenges in the china electricity industry | 第77页 |
| d) An integrated model for Electricity Policy | 第77-79页 |
| e) Electricity Demand and Supply in China | 第79页 |
| f) Development direction of China's electric power industry's | 第79-80页 |
| ·Rural Electrification in China and key driving forces | 第80-84页 |
| ·Overview of Rural Electrification | 第80-83页 |
| ·Key Drivers of Rural Electrification in China | 第83-84页 |
| ·Factors that have contributed to the success of China's Electrification | 第84-87页 |
| a) Three Fundamental Electricity Supply Modes | 第84-85页 |
| 1. Electricity Supply by Local Grids | 第85页 |
| 2. Electricity Supply by large state Grids | 第85页 |
| 3. Electricity Supply by a Combination of Local generation and large Grids | 第85页 |
| b) Success of Electricity Supply | 第85-87页 |
| c) Rural preliminary electrification | 第87页 |
| d) Developemnt of electricity administrative | 第87页 |
| ·Challenges for Rural Electrification in China | 第87-95页 |
| 1. High rate of access to electricity but low rate of consumption | 第87-88页 |
| 2. Rapid increase in Electricity Consumption | 第88-89页 |
| 3. Quality of Electricity service | 第89-90页 |
| 4. Rural Poverty | 第90-91页 |
| 5. Improve Quality of Life | 第91-92页 |
| 6. Urbanization | 第92页 |
| 7. Environment and Climate Change | 第92-93页 |
| 8. Small hydropower disadvantages | 第93页 |
| 9. Rural Electrification | 第93-95页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第95-96页 |
| Chapter 4 Electricity industry and rural electrification in South Africa | 第96-121页 |
| ·Introduction | 第96页 |
| ·Background statement | 第96-97页 |
| ·History of the Electricity Supply Industry in South Africa | 第97-103页 |
| ·Sources of Energy and Consumption by sectors | 第103-105页 |
| ·Overview of the Electricity supply industry in South Africa | 第105-108页 |
| ·Liberalisation of the South Africa Electricity Industry | 第108-109页 |
| ·Electricity Price in South Africa | 第109-111页 |
| ·From State-Owned utility towards competition in the ESI | 第111页 |
| ·Challenges to the structural reform of ESI | 第111-112页 |
| ·The Advantages of Corporatization | 第112-114页 |
| ·Overview of Rural Electrification | 第114-115页 |
| ·The National Electrification Programme | 第115-117页 |
| ·The Benefits of the Electrification Programme | 第117-118页 |
| ·Funding of Electrification and free basic | 第118-120页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第120-121页 |
| Chapter 5 Challenges and Successful of Rural Electrification in China | 第121-143页 |
| ·introduction | 第121-122页 |
| a) Problem Statement | 第121页 |
| b) The Objective of this Research | 第121-122页 |
| c) Research Question | 第122页 |
| ·Background of China Rural Electrification | 第122页 |
| ·Rural Components in the Chinese Economic and Energy Systems | 第122-125页 |
| ·Rural Energy Consumption by Sector | 第125-127页 |
| ·Rural Energy Consumption by Source | 第127-129页 |
| ·Regional Variations | 第129-136页 |
| a) Rural-urban divides | 第129-132页 |
| b) East-West divides | 第132-134页 |
| c) Rural poor-rich divides | 第134页 |
| d) Geographic/Climate variations | 第134-136页 |
| ·Major reasons behind the patterns | 第136-139页 |
| a) Government policies and institutions | 第136-137页 |
| b) Supply/Demand | 第137-139页 |
| c) Improvement in energy efficiency | 第139页 |
| d) Environmental and ecological efficiencal considerations | 第139页 |
| ·Electricity access for the rural areas/remote areas in china | 第139-142页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第142-143页 |
| Chapter 6 Challenges and Successful of Rural Electrification in South Africa | 第143-166页 |
| Introduction | 第143页 |
| ·The Policy Environment in the Energy Sector | 第143-144页 |
| ·Assessing overall progress against energy development objectives | 第144-147页 |
| ·Role of Electricity in Development | 第147-157页 |
| a) Energy and electricity development in South Africa | 第147-156页 |
| b) Energy use Patterns in the household types | 第156-157页 |
| ·Electricity Consumption in rural areas in South Africa | 第157-160页 |
| a) Is Electricity Affordable? | 第158页 |
| b) The Policy on Free Basic Electricity (FBE) | 第158-160页 |
| ·Problems of Affordability in Rural Electrification | 第160-162页 |
| a) Challenges of Arrears | 第160-161页 |
| b) Service-cut-off and illegal connections | 第161页 |
| c) Billing disputes | 第161-162页 |
| ·Current Condition | 第162-163页 |
| ·Backlog in Electrification | 第163-165页 |
| a) Delivering to the Poor | 第164-165页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第165-166页 |
| Chapter 7 Recommendation | 第166-191页 |
| ·introduction | 第166-167页 |
| a) Research Question | 第166-167页 |
| ·Graph show comparison of Household use/appliance in China and South Africa | 第167-173页 |
| ·Graph show the source of energy that is use by rural household in China and South Africa | 第173-180页 |
| ·Reasons for continued coal-use after Electrification in South Africa | 第180-181页 |
| ·Main Conclusion can be drawn | 第181-183页 |
| ·Electricity for Sustainable Development in China and South Africa | 第183-184页 |
| ·Deregulation of Electricity in China and South Africa | 第184-185页 |
| a) China model | 第185页 |
| b) South Africa model | 第185页 |
| ·Making Electricity more Affordable | 第185-186页 |
| ·Steps in Developing Rural Electrification | 第186页 |
| ·Challenges to Expand Access to Electricity | 第186-188页 |
| ·Key determinants of Energy demand | 第188-189页 |
| a) Consumption of Electricity in Rural South Africa | 第188页 |
| b) Consumption of Electricity in Rural China | 第188-189页 |
| ·Four Stage Phase incremental step-up approach | 第189-190页 |
| a) Decision points | 第189页 |
| b) Priorities stage | 第189页 |
| c) Delivery stage | 第189页 |
| d) Evaluation and Monitory | 第189-190页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第190-191页 |
| Chapter 8 Summary and Conclusions | 第191-196页 |
| ·What is the purpose or objective of Rural Electrification? | 第191-192页 |
| ·Benefits of Rural Electrification | 第192-193页 |
| a) Quantifiable potential uses and Benefits | 第192页 |
| 1. Industrial use of electricity | 第192页 |
| 2. Commercial use of electricity | 第192页 |
| 3. Household uses of electricity | 第192页 |
| 4. Agriculture use of electricity | 第192页 |
| b) Benefits those are difficult or impossible to quantify | 第192-193页 |
| ·The Planning Approach in Rural Electrification | 第193-195页 |
| ·Simplification is achieved by defining the system such that | 第193-194页 |
| ·The Incremental Rural Electrification Model | 第194页 |
| ·Six primary characteristics of this model | 第194-195页 |
| ·Advantages of incremental approach | 第195页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第195-196页 |
| References | 第196-199页 |
| Appendix | 第199-254页 |
| ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND UNITS | 第254-255页 |
