| 摘要 | 第6-7页 |
| Abstract | 第7页 |
| ABBREVIATIONS | 第13-14页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅰ INDRODUCTION | 第14-20页 |
| 1.1 BACKGROUND | 第14-15页 |
| 1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS | 第15-19页 |
| 1.2.1 Challenges of nomadic farming | 第15-16页 |
| 1.2.2 Herder's livelihood and the environment | 第16-17页 |
| 1.2.3 Livestock production and risk | 第17-18页 |
| 1.2.4 The problems in a nutshell | 第18-19页 |
| 1.3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK | 第19页 |
| 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY | 第19-20页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅱ LITERATURE REVIEW | 第20-43页 |
| 2.1 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN LIVESTOCK | 第20-23页 |
| 2.1.1 Environment of sustainable livestock | 第21页 |
| 2.1.2 Economics of sustainable livestock | 第21-22页 |
| 2.1.3 Social of sustainable livestock | 第22-23页 |
| 2.2 WHY SUSTAINABILITY IS IMPORTANT | 第23-24页 |
| 2.3 MONGOLIAN LIVESTOCK BREEDING | 第24-25页 |
| 2.4 EVOLUTION OF MONGOLIAN PASTORAL INSTITUTION | 第25-33页 |
| 2.4.1 Pre-collectivization (-1930s) | 第26-29页 |
| 2.4.2 Collectivisation (1930s-80s) | 第29-31页 |
| 2.4.3 Decollectivization and transition (1990s-) | 第31-33页 |
| 2.5 Legislative framework on pasture use | 第33-34页 |
| 2.5.1 The khoshuun system (1300s–1950s) | 第33页 |
| 2.5.2 The collective system (1950s–1990) | 第33页 |
| 2.5.3 Current pasture regime (1990s-present) | 第33-34页 |
| 2.6 POLICY AND LAWS ON LIVESTOCK SECTOR | 第34-43页 |
| 2.6.1 Goals in Concept of Sustainable Development of Mongolia – 2030 | 第34-38页 |
| 2.6.2 Legal documents implemented in the livestock sector (Source:http://www.legalinfo.mn) | 第38页 |
| 2.6.3 Law on Land Use Fees 1997 | 第38-39页 |
| 2.6.4 Individual Citizen's Income Tax Law 2006 | 第39页 |
| 2.6.5 Pasture Law draft 2006 | 第39页 |
| 2.6.6 Law on Land | 第39-43页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅲ SOCIAL-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE ON MONGOLIAN LIVESTOCK BREEDING MONGOLIAN LIVESTOCK BREEDING | 第43-62页 |
| 3.1 INTRODUCTION | 第43页 |
| 3.2 TYPES OF MONGOLIAN LIVESTOCK | 第43-49页 |
| 3.2.1 Herder typologies | 第43-44页 |
| 3.2.2 Mongolian Sheep | 第44-45页 |
| 3.2.3 Mongolian Goat | 第45-46页 |
| 3.2.4 Mongolian cattle and yak | 第46页 |
| 3.2.5 Mongolian camel | 第46-47页 |
| 3.2.6 Mongolian horse | 第47-49页 |
| 3.3 The linear trends and spatial changes of Mongolia's livestock | 第49-50页 |
| 3.4 Herders in the Livestock sector | 第50-52页 |
| 3.5 MONGOLIAN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION | 第52-60页 |
| 3.5.1 Main Outputs of Livestock in Mongolia | 第54-55页 |
| 3.5.2 Meat production | 第55-57页 |
| 3.5.3 Milk production | 第57-58页 |
| 3.5.4 Productions of Wool, Hair and Cashmere | 第58-59页 |
| 3.5.5 Production of Hides and Skin | 第59-60页 |
| 3.6 SUMMARY | 第60-62页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅳ EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE ON MONGOLIAN LIVESTOCK BREEDING | 第62-73页 |
| 4.1 INTRODUCTION | 第62-63页 |
| 4.2 Annual and spatial changes of rainfall and temperature in Mongolia | 第63-65页 |
| 4.3 VEGETATION CHANGES ACROSS MONGOLIA | 第65-66页 |
| 4.4 NATURAL DISASTER AND LIVESTOCK BREEDING | 第66-69页 |
| 4.5 EFFECT OF CLIMATE ON ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY | 第69-71页 |
| 4.6 Effects of climate on herders livelihood | 第71页 |
| 4.7 Effects of climate on animal health | 第71-72页 |
| 4.8 WATER SUPPLY FOR ANIMALS | 第72-73页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅴ AN INTERGRATED SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT ON PASTURE-BASED MONGOLIAN LIVESTOCK | 第73-90页 |
| 5.1 INTRODUCTION | 第73-74页 |
| 5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第74-79页 |
| 5.2.1 Study area | 第74-75页 |
| 5.2.2 Questionnaire development and Data collection | 第75-77页 |
| 5.2.3 The MESMIS framework for evaluating the sustainability of pasture-based livestock | 第77-78页 |
| 5.2.4 SWOT analysis for pasture-based livestock sustainability | 第78页 |
| 5.2.5 Analysis of sustainability index | 第78页 |
| 5.2.6 Statistical analysis | 第78-79页 |
| 5.3 SUSTAINABILITY ATTRIBUTES ON LIVESTOCK HERDERS LIVELIHOODS | 第79-84页 |
| 5.3.1 SWOT analysis and selection of key indicators | 第79-80页 |
| 5.3.2 Productivity attributes | 第80-82页 |
| 5.3.3 Stability attributes | 第82页 |
| 5.3.4 Adaptability attributes | 第82页 |
| 5.3.5 Equity attributes | 第82-83页 |
| 5.3.6 Self-Reliance attributes | 第83-84页 |
| 5.4 SUSTAINABILITY INDEXES OF HERDERS LIVELIHOODS | 第84-86页 |
| 5.4.1 Economic sustainability index | 第84页 |
| 5.4.2 Environmental sustainability index | 第84-85页 |
| 5.4.3 Social sustainability index | 第85-86页 |
| 5.5 DISCUSSIONS | 第86-88页 |
| 5.5.1 The methodological framework | 第86-87页 |
| 5.5.2 Sustainability evaluation of traditional pastoral farms | 第87-88页 |
| 5.6 CONCLUSIONS | 第88-90页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅵ DYNAMIC OF LIVESTOCK AND HERDERS LIVELIHOOD IN FOREST AND STEPPE REGION | 第90-102页 |
| 6.1 INTRODUCTION | 第90页 |
| 6.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | 第90-92页 |
| 6.2.1 Population livestock | 第90-91页 |
| 6.2.2 Sample size | 第91页 |
| 6.2.3 Study Area | 第91-92页 |
| 6.3 DISTRIBUTION OF LIVESTOCK ACROSS DIFFERENT REGIONS | 第92-93页 |
| 6.4 Characteristic of herder livelihood | 第93页 |
| 6.5 INCOME AND EXPENSE OF A HERDER HOUSEHOLD | 第93-96页 |
| 6.5.1 Herder household income and expense | 第94-96页 |
| 6.6 DIFFICULTIES IN LIVESTOCK BREEDING | 第96-98页 |
| 6.7 SOCIAL AND HERDER’S SATISFACTION | 第98-99页 |
| 6.8 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS | 第99-102页 |
| CHAPTER Ⅶ CONCLUSIONS AND A POLICY IMPLICATIONS | 第102-109页 |
| 7.1 Mongolia's Livestock breeding and sustainable development | 第102-103页 |
| 7.2 SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PASTURAL LIVESTOCK | 第103-104页 |
| 7.3 What needs to be done to develop pastoral livestock breeding sustainability? | 第104-105页 |
| 7.3.1 Recommendation for issues of environemt and economic | 第104-105页 |
| 7.3.2 Recommendation for issuas of social | 第105页 |
| 7.4 Herder's opinions and challenges on herder livelihoods obtained by interview | 第105-106页 |
| 7.5 Dynamic of livestock and its indirect effect on the livelihood of herders | 第106-107页 |
| 7.6 Policy implications on the sustainable development of pastoral livestock | 第107-109页 |
| 参考文献/REFERENCES | 第109-121页 |
| 附录/APPENDIX | 第121-125页 |
| 致谢/ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 第125-126页 |
| 作者简历/RESUME | 第126页 |
