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铵盐和硝酸盐对中华大蟾蜍胚胎和幼体发育的毒性研究

摘要第3-5页
Abstract第5-7页
目录第8-10页
Chapter 1 Review第10-20页
    1 The nitrogen cascade第10-11页
    2 Ecological effects of inorganic nitrogen in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems第11-15页
        2.1 Impact of inorganic nitrogen deposition on soil and freshwater acidification第11-14页
        2.2 Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems第14-15页
    3 Toxicity of inorganic nitrogenous compounds to aquatic animals第15-20页
        3.1 Toxicity of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate to fish第15-17页
        3.2 Toxicity of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate to amphibians第17-20页
Chapter 2 Toxicological effects of ammonium and nitrate on Chinese toad (Bufo gargarizans) embryos第20-46页
    1 Introduction第20-22页
    2 Materials and methods第22-27页
        2.1 Animals第22页
        2.2 Methods第22页
        2.3 Acute Toxicity Test第22-23页
        2.4 Chronic Toxicity Test第23-24页
        2.5 Scanning electron microscopy observation第24页
        2.6 Histological analyses第24页
        2.7 Semiquantitative RT-PCR第24-26页
        2.8 whole-mount in situ hybridization第26-27页
        2.9 Data analysis第27页
    3. Result第27-41页
        3.1 Embryos of B. gargarizans behavior第28页
        3.2 Acute toxicity of NH_4Cl and NaNO_3 tests第28-30页
        3.3 Effects of NH_4Cl and NaNO_3 on B. gargarizans embryos development第30-31页
        3.4 Effects on total body length and weight of B. gargarizans embryos第31-33页
        3.5 Mortality and malformation rate第33页
        3.6 Morphological malformations第33-36页
        3.7 Histopathological malformations in B. gargarizans embryos第36-37页
        3.8 Total RNA extraction第37-38页
        3.9 Dio2 and Dio3 expression in embryos after NH_4Cl and NaNO_3 treatments第38-39页
        3.10 Spatial expression of Dio2 and Dio3 in B. gargarizans embryos第39-41页
    4. Discussion第41-46页
        4.1 Acute Toxicity Test (LC_(50))第41-42页
        4.2 Chronic Exposure:Growth and Development第42-43页
        4.3 Chronic Exposure:Morphological Effects第43-44页
        4.4 Chronic Exposure:Dio2 and Dio3 gene expression第44-46页
Chapter 3 Chronic toxicity of nitrate on larval development in Chinese toad(Bufo gargarizans)第46-54页
    1 Introduction第46-47页
    2 Materials and method第47-48页
        2.1 Animal husbandry第47页
        2.2 NaNO_3 exposure experiment第47-48页
        2.3 Histological measurements of thyroid gland第48页
        2.4 Data analysis第48页
    3. Result第48-52页
        3.1 Effect of NaNO_3 to the Bufo gargarizans larvae at stage G42第48-51页
        3.2 Effect of NaNO_3 on thyroid gland in larvae of Bufo gargarizans第51-52页
    4. Discussion第52-54页
Conclusion第54-56页
Reference第56-68页
致谢第68-70页
攻读硕士学位期间研究成果第70页

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