| 附表 | 第5-6页 |
| Abstract (Part I) | 第6-7页 |
| 摘要（第一部分） | 第7-8页 |
| Abstract (Part II) | 第8-9页 |
| 摘要（第二部分) | 第9-10页 |
| TABLE OF CONTENTS | 第10-13页 |
| Abbreviations | 第13-14页 |
| ChapterⅠ.Introduction | 第14-17页 |
| ChapterⅡ.Review of Literature | 第17-36页 |
| ChapterⅢ.Materials and Methods | 第36-39页 |
| 3.1 Material | 第36页 |
| 3.1.1 Plant material | 第36页 |
| 3.1.2 Chemical regents | 第36页 |
| 3.1.2.1 Otto Ⅰ buffer composition | 第36页 |
| 3.1.2.2 Otto Ⅱ buffer composition | 第36页 |
| 3.1.2.3 Staining reagents | 第36页 |
| 3.1.3 Equipments | 第36页 |
| 3.2 Methods | 第36-37页 |
| 3.2.1 Optimization of flow cytometry protocol | 第36页 |
| 3.2.2 Genome size and neucleotide estimation | 第36-37页 |
| 3.2.2.1 Sample preparation | 第36-37页 |
| 3.2.2.2 Genome size and nucleotide contents estimation | 第37页 |
| 3.3 Evaluation of genome size changes in tetraploid species | 第37页 |
| 3.4 Average GC and GC3 contents of LFY and ADH gene | 第37页 |
| 3.5 Statistical analysis | 第37-39页 |
| Chapter Ⅳ. Results | 第39-55页 |
| 4.1 Optimization of flow cytometry protocol for different species of Nicotiana | 第39页 |
| 4.2 Genome size estimates | 第39-48页 |
| 4.2.1 Genome size by flow cytometry vs sequencing | 第39页 |
| 4.2.2 Comparative analysis of genome size estimates | 第39-45页 |
| 4.2.3 Genome size change in the section Suaveolentes | 第45页 |
| 4.2.4 Genome size change in the Homoploid hybrids | 第45页 |
| 4.2.5 Genome size changes along evolutionary time scales in genus Nicotiana | 第45-48页 |
| 4.3 Genomic base composition of different species in Genus Nicotiana | 第48页 |
| 4.3.1 GC contents variation in genus Nicotiana | 第48页 |
| 4.3.2 Correlation between genome size and GC contents | 第48页 |
| 4.3.3 GC contents distribution among different sections along evolutionary time scale | 第48页 |
| 4.4 Comparative analysis of GC (FCM), GC {LFY and ^iJ/Tgene) and GC3 contents{LFY^ndADH) | 第48-52页 |
| 4.5 Mechanism underlying the change in GC contents along evolutionary time scale | 第52-55页 |
| Chapter Ⅴ. Discussion | 第55-59页 |
| 5.1 Genome size by FCM vs. sequencing | 第55页 |
| 5.2 Comparative analysis of genome size estimates | 第55页 |
| 5.3 Genome size change in the section Suaveolentes and homoploid hybrid species | 第55-56页 |
| 5.4 Genome size changes along evolutionary time scale in genus Nicotiana | 第56-57页 |
| 5.5 GC contents variation in genus Nicotiana | 第57-58页 |
| 5.6 Comparative analysis and the mechanism underlying the change in GC contentsalong evolutionary scale | 第58-59页 |
| Chapter VI: Conclusions | 第59-60页 |
| References | 第60-66页 |
| PartⅡ | 第66-112页 |
| Chapter Ⅰ. Introduction | 第67-71页 |
| Chapter Ⅱ. Review of Literature | 第71-89页 |
| 2.1 Unravelling the genes involved in GA metabolic pathway | 第71-76页 |
| 2.2 Regulation of GA metabolic pathway | 第76-81页 |
| 2.3 Modulation of various genes involved in GA pathway | 第81-85页 |
| 2.4 Evaluation of GA pathway and their role in plant architecture | 第85-89页 |
| Chapter Ⅲ. Materials and Methods | 第89-94页 |
| 3.1 Comparative analysis of En-kaurenoic acid oxidase gene | 第89页 |
| 3.2 Isolation of AtKAO1 gene | 第89-91页 |
| 3.2.1 Plant material | 第89页 |
| 3.2.2 RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis | 第89页 |
| 3.2.3 Primer design and AtKAO gene amplification | 第89页 |
| 3.2.4 Incorporation of pCHF1-AtKAO recombinant construct into Agrobacterium tumefecians cv LB4404 | 第89-91页 |
| 3.3. Agrobacterium mediated transformation of AtKAO1 overexpression Construct | 第91页 |
| 3.3.1 Plant material | 第91页 |
| 3.3.2 Leaf Explant Preparation | 第91页 |
| 3.3.3 Preparation of Agrobacterium Culture | 第91页 |
| 3.3.4 Co-cultivation of leaf explants and agrobacterium | 第91页 |
| 3.3.5 Selection of leaf explants | 第91页 |
| 3.4 Knock down silencing of NtKAO1 gene by TALENs | 第91-92页 |
| 3.4.1 Agrobacterium-medmt^A transformation of tobacco leaf disc | 第92页 |
| 3.5 Morphological and molecular analysis of transgenic plants | 第92-94页 |
| ChapterⅣ. Results | 第94-104页 |
| 4.1 Comparative analysis of En-kaurenoic acid oxidase gene | 第94页 |
| 4.2 Isolation of AtKAO gene | 第94页 |
| 4.3 Construct Preparation | 第94-99页 |
| 4.4 Transformation of the gene construct into Agrobacterium LB4404 | 第99页 |
| 4.5 Co-cultivation of leaf explant with agrobacterium | 第99页 |
| 4.6 Selection of leaf explants | 第99页 |
| 4.7 Regeneration of transgenic shoots | 第99-102页 |
| 4.8 Knock down silencing of NtKAO gene in Nicotiana tabaccum | 第102页 |
| 4.9 Morphological and molecular analysis of transgenic plants | 第102-104页 |
| Chapter V: Discussion | 第104-106页 |
| 5.1 Comparative analysis of En-kaurenoic acid oxidase gene | 第104页 |
| 5.2 Overexpression analysis of KAO gene in Nicotiana tabaccum | 第104-105页 |
| 5.3 Knock down silencing of KAO gene by TALENs | 第105页 |
| 5.4 Morphological and molecular analysis of genetically engineered plants | 第105-106页 |
| Chapter VI: Conclusions | 第106-107页 |
| References | 第107-112页 |
| Acknowledgments | 第112-113页 |
| Author Biography | 第113页 |
