| ABSTRACT | 第1-8页 |
| 摘要 | 第8-15页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第15-18页 |
| 2. Review of Literature | 第18-25页 |
| 3. Materials and methods | 第25-39页 |
| ·Experimental site | 第25页 |
| ·Experimental design and treatments | 第25-26页 |
| ·Measurements | 第26-27页 |
| ·Statistics | 第27页 |
| ·Monitoring of CO_2emissions | 第27-29页 |
| ·Soil moisture measurements for CO_2emissions rates | 第29页 |
| ·Monitoring of emission of N_2O | 第29-31页 |
| ·Soil organic carbon (SOC) measurements | 第31页 |
| ·Total soil Nitrogen | 第31-32页 |
| ·Soil pH | 第32页 |
| ·Soil Urease | 第32-33页 |
| ·Soil Invertase | 第33-34页 |
| ·Soil Bulk density | 第34页 |
| ·Soil Porosity | 第34页 |
| ·Soil Compactness | 第34-35页 |
| ·Weeds infestation | 第35页 |
| ·Water use efficiencies | 第35-36页 |
| ·Nitrogen use efficiencies | 第36页 |
| ·Crop growth rates measurements | 第36页 |
| ·Flag leaf area | 第36-37页 |
| ·Flag leaf chlorophyll contents | 第37页 |
| ·Photosynthesis data | 第37-39页 |
| 4. Results & Discussion | 第39-219页 |
| ·Emissions of CO_2 | 第39-60页 |
| ·Soil CO_2fluxes | 第39页 |
| ·Effects of tillage methods on the emissions of CO_2 | 第39-40页 |
| ·Effects of cropping years on the emissions of CO_2 | 第40页 |
| ·Effects of mulches on the emissions of CO_2 | 第40页 |
| ·Effects of N fertilizer levels on the emissions of CO_2 | 第40页 |
| ·Cumulative emissions of CO_2 | 第40-42页 |
| ·Soil temperatures versus emissions of CO_2 | 第42页 |
| ·Soil moistures versus emissions of CO_2 | 第42页 |
| ·Soil organic carbon versus emissions of CO_2 | 第42-43页 |
| ·Effects of seasonal variations on the emissions of CO_2 | 第43页 |
| ·Discussion | 第43页 |
| ·Soil CO_2fluxes | 第43-44页 |
| ·Effects of tillage methods on the emissions of CO_2 | 第44页 |
| ·Effects of corn residue mulch on the emissions of CO_2 | 第44-45页 |
| ·Effects of N fertilizer levels on the emissions of CO_2 | 第45-46页 |
| ·Effects of cropping years on the emissions of CO_2 | 第46-47页 |
| ·Effects of soil temperatures, soil moistures and soil organic carbons on the emissions of CO_2 | 第47-60页 |
| ·Emissions of Nitrous oxide (N_2O) | 第60-71页 |
| ·Results | 第61-71页 |
| ·Soil Bulk density | 第71-74页 |
| ·Soil Porosity | 第74-76页 |
| ·Soil Compactness | 第76-78页 |
| ·Results & Discussion | 第77-78页 |
| ·Soil pH | 第78-82页 |
| ·Changes in soil pH from the 0-10 cm soil depth | 第79-80页 |
| ·Changes in soil pH from the 10-20 cm soil depth | 第80-81页 |
| ·Effects of different planting years | 第81页 |
| ·Effects of Mulch kinds | 第81页 |
| ·Effects of N fertilizer levels | 第81-82页 |
| ·Changes in soil pH from the 20-40 cm soil depth | 第82-87页 |
| ·Effects of tillage methods | 第82页 |
| ·Effects of different planting years on the soil pH | 第82页 |
| ·Effects of mulch kinds on soil pH | 第82页 |
| ·Effects of N fertilizer levels on the soil pH | 第82页 |
| ·Changes in soil pH due to the different tillage methods X mulch kind’s interactions | 第82页 |
| ·Changes in soil pH due to different tillage methods X N fertilizer levels interactions | 第82-83页 |
| ·Changes in the soil pH due to different tillage methods X planting years interactions | 第83页 |
| ·Changes in soil pH in case of planting years X tillage methods interactions | 第83页 |
| ·Changes in soil pH in case of planting years X N fertilizer levels interactions | 第83页 |
| ·Changes in soil pH due to the different mulch kinds X N fertilizer levels interactions | 第83-87页 |
| ·Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) status of the soil | 第87-99页 |
| ·Effects of tillage methods on the SOC | 第88页 |
| ·Effects of Plating years on the SOC | 第88页 |
| ·Effects of mulch kinds on the SOC | 第88页 |
| ·Effects of N fertilizer levels on the SOC | 第88-89页 |
| ·Changes in Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) from 0-10 cm soil depth | 第89-90页 |
| ·Changes in Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) from 10-20 cm soil depth | 第90-92页 |
| ·Changes in Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), contents from the 20-40 cm soil depth | 第92-93页 |
| ·Average changes in Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), contents from 0-40 cm soil depth | 第93-99页 |
| ·Total soil Nitrogen | 第99-112页 |
| ·Changes in total soil Nitrogen from 0-10 cm soil depth | 第99-101页 |
| ·Changes in soil Nitrogen from the 10-20 cm soil depth | 第101-103页 |
| ·Changes in total soil Nitrogen from 20-40 cm soil depth | 第103-105页 |
| ·Average changes in total soil Nitrogen from the 0-40 cm soil depth | 第105-112页 |
| ·Changes in soil C/N Ratio | 第112-122页 |
| ·Changes in soil C/N ratio in case of 0-10 cm soil depth | 第112-114页 |
| ·Changes in soil C/N ratio in case of 10-20 cm soil depth | 第114-116页 |
| ·Changes in soil C/N ratio in case of 20-40 cm soil depth | 第116-117页 |
| ·Changes in soil C/N ratio in case of 0-40 cm soil depth | 第117-122页 |
| ·Changes in soil organic matter (SOM) due to the different management practices during the two planting years (2010-12) | 第122-132页 |
| ·Changes in soil organic matter (SOM) from the 0-10 cm soil depth | 第124-125页 |
| ·Changes in Soil Organic Matter (SOM) from the 10-20 cm soil depth | 第125-132页 |
| ·Soil enzymes | 第132-140页 |
| ·Urease | 第133-135页 |
| ·Changes in soil enzyme Urease on the 5 leaf stage from the 10-20 cm soil depth | 第135-137页 |
| ·Effects of different tillage methods on the soil enzyme Urease from the 20-40 cm soil depth | 第137-140页 |
| ·Urease on Harvesting Stage | 第140-148页 |
| ·Status of soil enzyme Urease on the wheat crop harvesting stage from the 0-10 cm soil depth | 第140-142页 |
| ·Status of soil enzyme Urease on the wheat crop harvesting stage from the 20 cm soil depth | 第142-144页 |
| ·Changes in soil enzyme Urease on the wheat crop harvesting stage from the 20-40 cm soil depth | 第144-148页 |
| ·Soil Invertase on the 5 leaf stage | 第148-155页 |
| ·Status of soil enzyme Invertase on the 5 leaf stage from the 0-10 cm soil depth | 第148-150页 |
| ·Status of soil enzyme Invertase on the 5 leaf stage from the 10-20 cm soil depth | 第150-152页 |
| ·Status of soil enzyme Invertase on the 5 leaf stage from the 20-40 cm soil depth | 第152-155页 |
| ·Status of soil enzyme Invertase on the wheat crop harvesting stage | 第155-162页 |
| ·Status of soil enzyme Invertase on the wheat crop harvesting stage from the 0-10 cm soil depth | 第155-157页 |
| ·Status of soil enzyme Invertase on the wheat harvesting stage from the cm soil depth | 第157-159页 |
| ·Status of soil enzyme Invertase on the wheat crop harvesting stage from the 20-40 cm soil depth | 第159-162页 |
| ·Changes in wheat crop growth due to the different management practices during the two cropping years (2010-12) | 第162-163页 |
| ·Changes in flag leaf area, flag leaf chlorophyll’s contents and wheat crop photosynthesis and its related different processes on the different crop growth stages | 第163-188页 |
| ·Flag leaf area | 第164页 |
| ·Changes in flag leaf chlorophyll contents | 第164-165页 |
| ·Changes in photosynthesis on the different crop growth stages | 第165-166页 |
| ·Changes in Stomatal conductance’s on the different crop growth stages | 第166-168页 |
| ·Changes in the Intercellular concentrations of carbon dioxide (Ci) on the different crop growth stages | 第168-170页 |
| ·Changes in Transpiration rates on the different crop growth stages | 第170-172页 |
| ·Changes in intrinsic water use efficiencies (WUEi ) on the different crop growth stages | 第172-188页 |
| ·Weeds infestation | 第188-194页 |
| ·Wheat crop yield | 第194-201页 |
| ·Water use efficiencies | 第201-210页 |
| ·Evapotranspiration | 第201-203页 |
| ·Grains water use efficiency | 第203-205页 |
| ·Biomass water use efficiency | 第205-207页 |
| ·Rainfall water use efficiency | 第207-210页 |
| ·Nitrogen use efficiencies | 第210-213页 |
| ·Economics of planting of wheat crop by using the different crop management practices | 第213-216页 |
| ·Correlations between the different related factors with the total emissions of CO_2 | 第216-219页 |
| ·Correlations of different soil parameters with the emissions of CO_2 | 第216-218页 |
| ·Correlations of crop photosynthesis with the total emissions of CO_2 | 第218页 |
| ·Correlations of different environmental factors with the total emissions of CO_2 204 | 第218-219页 |
| 5. Conclusion | 第219-223页 |
| References | 第223-239页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第239-241页 |
| C.V | 第241-242页 |
