| 摘要 | 第4-7页 |
| Abstract | 第7-10页 |
| Introduction | 第18-23页 |
| Part 1:Literature Review | 第23-36页 |
| Chapter1.Antibiotic | 第23-30页 |
| 1.1 Definition | 第23页 |
| 1.2 β-lactam antibiotics,its source and classification | 第23-25页 |
| 1.3 β-lactamase inhibitor and its function | 第25-26页 |
| 1.4 Biochemical mechanism of resistance to B-lactam antibiotics | 第26-27页 |
| 1.5 The acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria | 第27-30页 |
| Chapter2. B-lactamase | 第30-36页 |
| 2.1 β-lactamase enzyme and its origin and classification | 第30-32页 |
| 2.2 Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) and its types | 第32-33页 |
| 2.3 Metallo-B-lactamases (MBL) and its types | 第33-36页 |
| Part 2:Experimental Study | 第36-78页 |
| Chapter1. Materials | 第36-43页 |
| 1.1 Bacterial Strains | 第36-37页 |
| 1.2 Main Reagents and Chemicals | 第37-41页 |
| 1.3 Instrument and Equipments | 第41-43页 |
| Chapter 2.Methods | 第43-45页 |
| 2.1 Isolation and Identification of Gram Negative Bacteria | 第43页 |
| 2.2 Maintenance and preservation of culture strains | 第43页 |
| 2.3 Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing | 第43-45页 |
| Chapter3. Methods for detection of ESBL and MBL | 第45-51页 |
| 3.1 Detection of ESBL test | 第45页 |
| 3.2 Phenotypic Screening and Confirmatory Test for ESBL | 第45-46页 |
| 3.3 Phenotypic Screening and Confirmatory Test for MBL Test | 第46-47页 |
| 3.4 Genotypic detection of ESBL and MBL | 第47-51页 |
| Chapter4.Results | 第51-73页 |
| 4.1 Isolation of gram negative bacteria from clinical sample | 第51-53页 |
| 4.2 The resistant rate of the different clinical isolates | 第53-54页 |
| 4.3 The phenotypic detection of ESBLs/MBLs producing strains | 第54-55页 |
| 4.4 The resistant phenotype of β-lactamase(ESBL/MBL)strains | 第55-58页 |
| 4.5 ESBL and MBL genotyping | 第58-60页 |
| 4.6 DNA sequencing results | 第60-73页 |
| Chapter5.Discussion and Limitation | 第73-76页 |
| Chapter6.Conclusion | 第76-78页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第78-80页 |
| References | 第80-85页 |
| SELF INTRODUCTION | 第85页 |
