| 摘要 | 第3-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-8页 |
| List of abbreviations | 第11-12页 |
| Chapter 1 General introduction | 第12-22页 |
| 1. The current study on vocalizations | 第12-14页 |
| 1.1.USVs | 第12-13页 |
| 1.2. AUDs | 第13-14页 |
| 2. The effect of early environmental factor on vocalizations | 第14-15页 |
| 2.1 Physical stress:The effect of thermal, tactile and olfactory stimuli on pups' vocalizations | 第14页 |
| 2.2 Social stress:The effect of early deprivation on pups' vocalizations | 第14-15页 |
| 3. OT system and the vocalizations | 第15-17页 |
| 4. FOXP2 and the vocalizations | 第17-19页 |
| 5. Madarin vole | 第19-20页 |
| 6. The scope of our study | 第20-22页 |
| Chapter 2 The effects of pups location and various stimulations by thermal,tactile and olfactory cues on vocalizations characteristics in mandarin voles | 第22-38页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第22-24页 |
| 2. Materials and methods | 第24-27页 |
| 2.1. Subjects | 第24-25页 |
| 2.2. Vocalizations of pups in the nest, outside the nest or in the new cage | 第25-26页 |
| 2.3. Vocalizations of pups in the new cage conducted with different stimuli | 第26页 |
| 2.4. Statistical Analyses | 第26-27页 |
| 3. Results | 第27-34页 |
| 4. Discussion | 第34-38页 |
| 4.1. The effects of pups' location on vocalizations characteristics during ontogenetic development | 第34-35页 |
| 4.2. The effects of different stimulation on vocalizations characteristics at 11days of age | 第35-38页 |
| Chapter 3 The effects of early deprivation (ED) on the number ofvocalizations and related neuroendocrine parameters in mandarin voles | 第38-60页 |
| 1. Introduction | 第38-40页 |
| 2. Materials and methods | 第40-44页 |
| 2.1. Subjects | 第40-41页 |
| 2.2. Selection of animals with different levels of the number of vocalizations in the PC group | 第41页 |
| 2.3. Tissue collection and immunochemistry | 第41-42页 |
| 2.4. Western blotting | 第42-44页 |
| 2.4.1. Tissue punches from corresponding brain region | 第42-43页 |
| 2.4.2. Protein extraction and and western blot analysis | 第43-44页 |
| 2.5. Statistical Analyses | 第44页 |
| 3. Results | 第44-52页 |
| 3.1. The number of vocalizations | 第44-45页 |
| 3.2. The expression of OT | 第45-49页 |
| 3.3 The protein levels of OTR and FOXP2 | 第49-52页 |
| 4. Discussion | 第52-60页 |
| 4.1. Different levels of the number of vocalizations | 第52-53页 |
| 4.2. Effects of ED on levels of OT and OTR | 第53-55页 |
| 4.3. Effects of FOXP2 | 第55-60页 |
| Chapter 4 Summary and future directions | 第60-62页 |
| References | 第62-74页 |
| Acknowledgments | 第74-76页 |
| List of Publication | 第76页 |
