| Abstract(in Chinese) | 第4-6页 |
| Abstract(in English) | 第6-7页 |
| Introduction | 第10-20页 |
| Isaac Bashevish Singer’s Life and His Literary Works | 第10-12页 |
| Sketch of Enemies, A Love Story | 第12-13页 |
| Literature Review | 第13-20页 |
| Chapter One An Overview of Trauma Theory | 第20-27页 |
| 1.1 The Definition of Trauma | 第20-21页 |
| 1.2 The Development of Trauma Theory | 第21-27页 |
| Chapter Two The Origins of Characters’ Trauma | 第27-39页 |
| 2.1 Tamara: Loss of Her Children, Parents and Husband | 第29-32页 |
| 2.2 Marsha: Maltreatment in the Concentrate Camp | 第32-34页 |
| 2.3 Yadwiga: Betrayal of Her Husband | 第34-36页 |
| 2.4 Herman: Horrible Days in Hayloft and Death of His Children | 第36-39页 |
| Chapter Three Traumatic Symptoms of the Characters | 第39-49页 |
| 3.1 Tamara’s Traumatic Symptoms: Rexperience and Numbness | 第39-42页 |
| 3.2 Marsha’s Traumatic Symptoms: Hyperarousal and Losing Faith in God | 第42-44页 |
| 3.3 Yadwiga’s Traumatic Symptoms: Hypervigilance and Irritability | 第44-45页 |
| 3.4 Herman’s Traumatic Symptoms: Reexperience and Avoidance | 第45-49页 |
| Chapter Four Characters’ Ways to Recover from Trauma | 第49-58页 |
| 4.1 Tamara: Being Independent and Helping others | 第50-52页 |
| 4.2 Marsha: Telling Traumatic Stories | 第52-53页 |
| 4.3 Yadwiga:Building Connection and Establishing a New Self | 第53-55页 |
| 4.4 Herman: Seeking Safety from Love of His Women | 第55-58页 |
| Conclusion | 第58-60页 |
| Bibliography | 第60-62页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第62-63页 |
| About the Author | 第63页 |
