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HIV-1型病毒强终止DNA二级结构的确立和第一次链转移过程中退火机制的研究

论文摘要第6-11页
ABSTRACT第11-12页
RESUME第13-18页
缩写释义第18-20页
INTRODUCTION第20-93页
    CHAPTER 1.RETROVIRUSES第21-23页
        1. Characteristics of retroviruses第21页
        2. Classification of retroviruses第21-23页
    CHAPTER 2.GENERAL PROPERTIES OF HIV第23-42页
        1 Identification of HIV from AIDS第23-24页
        2 Origin of HIV第24-27页
            2.1 HIV-1第26页
            2.2 HIV-2第26-27页
        3 Pathogenesis of HIV第27-28页
        4 Characteristics of HIV-1第28-30页
            4.1 Structure of HIV-1 particle第28-29页
            4.2 Genetic organization第29-30页
        5 Replication cycle第30-42页
            5.1 Attachment to the host cell and uncoating of the virion第31-33页
            5.2 Reverse transcription of genomic RNA第33页
            5.3 Provirus integration第33-34页
            5.4 Synthesis and processing of viral RNA第34-36页
            5.5 Packaging of genomic RNA第36-39页
            5.6 Assembly of genomic RNA and virion proteins第39-40页
            5.7 Maturation of the viral particle第40-42页
    CHAPTER 3.PROTEINS INVOLVED IN HIV-1 DNA SYNTHESIS第42-66页
        1. Cellular proteins第42-46页
        2. HIV-1 proteins第46-66页
            2.1 Viral envelope(Env)第47-48页
            2.2 Structural proteins第48-58页
                2.2.1 Matrix(MA)第48页
                2.2.2 Capsid(CA)第48-49页
                2.2.3 Nucleocapsid protein(NC)第49-58页
                    2.2.3.1 Structure of NC第49页
                    2.2.3.2 Properties of NC第49-55页
                    2.2.3.3 Roles of NC in the replication cycle第55-58页
            2.3 Nonstructural proteins第58-66页
                2.3.1 Regulatory proteins and accessory proteins第58-60页
                2.3.2 Protease(PR)第60页
                2.3.3 Integrase(IN)第60-61页
                2.3.4 Reverse transcriptase(RT)第61-66页
                    2.3.4.1 Structure of RT第61-62页
                    2.3.4.2 Properties of RT第62-66页
    CHAPTER 4.REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION OF HIV-1 GENOMIC RNA第66-82页
        1. The primer binding site (PBS)第66-68页
        2. Binding of primer tRNA~(Lys,3) to the HIV-1 genome第68-71页
            2.1 Annealing of tRNA~(Lys,3) to the PBS sequence第68-70页
            2.2 Additional interactions between tRNA~(Lys,3) and 5' UTR第70-71页
        3. Initiation of reverse transcription第71页
        4. Minus-strand strong-stop DNA synthesis第71-72页
        5. First strand transfer第72页
        6. Synthesis of full-length minus-strand DNA第72-73页
        7. Plus-strand DNA synthesis from PPTs第73-75页
        8. Second strand transfer第75-76页
        9. dsDNA synthezised with LTR第76-77页
        10. DNA strand transfers and recombination第77-82页
            10.1 Models of strand transfer第77-79页
            10.2 Mechanisms of strand transfers第79-82页
                10.2.1 Invasion-driven transfer in vitro第79-81页
                10.2.2 Pause-dependent transfer第81页
                10.2.3 Pause-independent transfer第81-82页
    CHAPTER 5. THE FIRST STRAND TRANSFER第82-93页
        1. Roles of RNase H and NC activities in the first strand transfer第82-83页
        2. NA structures involved in the first strand transfer第83-88页
            2.1 RNA structures formed by the UTRs第85-87页
                2.1.1 Folding of the R sequence第85-86页
                2.1.2 Circularization of the genome by the TAR-TAR interaction第86页
                2.1.3 Circularization of the genome by the U3-tRNA~((Lys,3)) interaction第86-87页
                2.1.4 Circularization of the genome by the gag-U3,poly(A) interaction第87页
            2.2 Structure of the strong-stop DNA第87-88页
        3. Mechanisms involved in the first strand transfer第88-93页
            3.1 Circularization of the HIV-1 genome would facilitate the first strand transfer第88-89页
            3.2 Roles of the poly(A) and cpoly(A) hairpins第89-90页
            3.3 Roles of the TAR and cTAR hairpins第90-93页
OBJECTIVES第93-95页
MATERIALS AND METHODS 76第95-109页
    1. NC preparation第96页
    2. Oligonucleotides第96-97页
        2.1 Oligonucleotides for construction of plasmids第96页
        2.2 Oligonucleotides for labeling and synthesis of cTAR, ssDNAs and DNA size markers第96-97页
    3. Construction of plasmids第97页
    4. In vitro RNA synthesis and purification第97-98页
    5.5 'end labeling of RNA 3'-2第98-99页
    6. Assays of labeling DNAs at their 3'end第99-100页
    7. Labeling and purification of cTAR第100-101页
    8. Synthesis, labeling and purification of ssDNAs and DNA size markers第101-102页
    9. Gel-shift annealing assay第102-103页
    10. Gel-shift analysis of ssDNAs folding第103页
    11. Structural probing of cTAR and ssDNAs第103-106页
        11.1 Probing of purified cTAR第103-104页
        11.2 Probing of purified ssDNAs第104-105页
        11.3 Probing of ssDNAs in the reverse transcription mixture第105-106页
    12. Basis of structural analysis第106页
    13. Determination of cleavage sites at the nucleotide level第106-109页
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION第109-160页
    PART 1. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CTAR DNA第110-119页
        1. Introduction第110-111页
        2. Purification and labeling of cTAR DNA第111-112页
        3. Structural analysis of cTAR under high-magnesium concentrations第112-114页
            3.1 Analysis of cTAR secondary structure in the absence of NC第112-114页
            3.2 Analysis of cTAR secondary structure in the presence of NC第114页
        4. Structural analysis of cTAR under low-magnesium concentrations第114-116页
        5. Discussion第116-119页
            5.1 cTAR adopts two alternative conformations in the absence of NC第116-117页
            5.2 NC' effects on the structure of the cTAR DNA hairpin第117页
            5.3 NC binding sites in the cTAR hairpin第117-119页
    PART 2. STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIP OF THE MINUS "STRONG-STOP DNA"第119-160页
        1. Introduction第119-121页
        2. Synthesis, labeling and purification of ssDNAs第121-131页
            2.1 Purification and labeling of ssDNA-S generated by chemical synthesis第121-122页
            2.2 Synthesis, labeling and purification of ssDNAs by reverse transcription第122-131页
                2.2.1 Synthesis and purification of RNA 1-415第124页
                2.2.2 Synthesis and 5' end labeling of ssDNAs第124-125页
                2.2.3 Synthesis and 3' end labeling of ssDNAs第125-131页
                    2.2.3.1 Experimental strategy第125页
                    2.2.3.2 Labeling assays第125-131页
        3. Dimerization assays of ssDNAs第131-132页
        4. Analysis of ssDNA-3' UTR annealing第132-140页
            4.1 Annealing in the absence of NC第133-135页
            4.2 Annealing assays of ssDNAs and RNA 3'-2 in the presence of NC第135-140页
        5. Conformation analysis of ssDNAs第140-142页
        6. Structural analysis of ssDNAs第142-160页
            6.1 Structural analysis of ssDNAs in the absence of NC第143-153页
                6.1.1 Probing of ssDNA-S第143-147页
                6.1.2 Probing of ssDNA-L第147-151页
                6.1.3 Comparison of secondary structures adopted by the two ssDNAs第151-152页
                6.1.4 Probing of ssDNA in the reverse transcription mixture第152-153页
            6.2 Structural analysis of ssDNA-L in the presence of NC第153-160页
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS第160-165页
    1. ssDNA adopts two distinct conformations in 0.2 mM MgCl_2第161页
    2. Folding of the r region第161-163页
    3. NC binding sites in ssDNA第163页
    4. Relationships between the ssDNA structure and the annealing reaction第163-165页
附录第165-181页
参考文献第181-209页
致谢第209页

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