| ABSTRACT | 第1-13页 |
| 中文摘要 | 第13-17页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第17-21页 |
| Introduction | 第21-23页 |
| PART 1 LITERATURE REVIEW | 第23-71页 |
| Chapter 1 A review of the development of Renal Dysfunction in SmallAnimals | 第23-59页 |
| 1 Brief introduction of the anatomy and physiology of the kidney | 第23-25页 |
| 2 Brief review on the development of functional disturbances | 第25-27页 |
| 3 A general overview about Hydronephrosis-causes and outcome | 第27-29页 |
| 4 Clinical Techniques for Assessment of Renal Function | 第29-52页 |
| ·The usefulness of Ultrasonography in diagnosing renal disorders | 第33-34页 |
| ·The Clinical Application of Excretory Urography for renal patients | 第34-36页 |
| ·A review on the application of GFR and ERPF techniques to assess kidney function | 第36-43页 |
| ·Determination of GFR | 第37-42页 |
| ·Determination of ERPF | 第42-43页 |
| ·The clinical importance of Hematology and Blood Chemistry Profiles in diagnosing renal dysfunction | 第43-48页 |
| ·The diagnostic value of a Urinalysis Examination | 第48-50页 |
| ·Specific HistoPathological Evidence of Hydronephrosis | 第50-52页 |
| References | 第52-59页 |
| Chapter 2 A review of GFR as the Gold Standard in estimating RenalFunction | 第59-65页 |
| 1 Drug nomenclature,clinical uses,administration and pharmacokinetics of Inulin | 第59-60页 |
| 2 Various Methods of the Study of Inulin Clearance in Dogs and the Advantages of the Single-injection method as compared to Constant Infusion method | 第60-61页 |
| 3 Establishment of the range of GFR value as determined by Inulin Clearance in dogs | 第61-64页 |
| References | 第64-65页 |
| Chapter 3 A review on the Clinical Use of PAH for estimating Renal Blood Flow inrenal patents | 第65-71页 |
| 1 Product Information and Chemical Structure of PAH | 第65页 |
| 2 Clinical Pharmacology | 第65-66页 |
| 3 Precautions in Administration of PAH | 第66页 |
| 4 Brief review of the use of PAH in determination of ERPF in the past years | 第66-69页 |
| References | 第69-71页 |
| PART 2 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH | 第71-172页 |
| Chapter 4 Preparations of GFR and ERPF for Experimental Models ofHydronephrosis in Dogs | 第71-81页 |
| Abstract | 第71页 |
| Introduction | 第71页 |
| 1 Material and methods | 第71-75页 |
| ·Experimental Parameters to be studied | 第71-73页 |
| ·Quantitative Assessment of Renal Function | 第72页 |
| ·Qualitative Assessment of Renal Function | 第72-73页 |
| ·Instruments and Chemicals Required for the Study | 第73-75页 |
| ·List of Instruments/ Accessories Required | 第73-74页 |
| ·List of Drugs Required for GFR estimation and analysis | 第74页 |
| ·List of Drugs Required for ERPF estimation and analysis | 第74-75页 |
| 2 Results- Preparations of Solutions for GFR and ERPF estimation and analysis | 第75-78页 |
| ·Methods of Preparation for GFR | 第75-76页 |
| ·Methods of Preparation for ERPF | 第76-78页 |
| 3 Discussion | 第78-79页 |
| 4 Summary | 第79-80页 |
| References | 第80-81页 |
| Chapter 5 Surgical Approaches to Indwelling Jugular Catheterization and LeftUreteral Ligation for Canine Models of Hydronephrosis | 第81-91页 |
| Abstract | 第81页 |
| Introduction | 第81页 |
| 1 Materials and Methods | 第81-83页 |
| ·Preparation of the Experimental Animals | 第81-82页 |
| ·Division of animals into groups and thorough physical examination | 第81-82页 |
| ·Experimental Design | 第82-83页 |
| 2 Results-Surgery performed for the Indwelling Jugular Catheter | 第83-87页 |
| ·Objectives | 第83页 |
| ·Anesthetic Considerations | 第83-84页 |
| ·Jugular Catheterization Procedure | 第84-85页 |
| ·Surgery performed for Ligation of left ureter | 第85-87页 |
| ·Objectives | 第85-86页 |
| ·Anesthetic Consideration | 第86-87页 |
| ·Surgical Procedure for Left Ureteral Ligation | 第87页 |
| ·After-Care | 第87页 |
| 3 Discussion | 第87-88页 |
| 4 Summary | 第88-89页 |
| References | 第89-91页 |
| Chapter 6 Qualitative Assessment of Renal Dysf.unction with Ultrasonography inExperimental Animals | 第91-119页 |
| Abstract | 第91-92页 |
| Introduction | 第92页 |
| 1 Material and methods | 第92-95页 |
| ·Methodological Approach for Collection of Ultrasonographic Data | 第92-95页 |
| ·B-mode(grey-scale)ultrasound machine | 第92-93页 |
| ·Transducer Selection | 第93页 |
| ·Preparation of the Patient | 第93页 |
| ·Parameters Studied | 第93-94页 |
| ·Technique for B-mode Ultrasonography of renal tissue | 第94-95页 |
| 2 Results | 第95-115页 |
| ·Ultrasonographic Scans | 第96-105页 |
| ·Quantitative Changes in Right Renal Dimensions | 第105-106页 |
| ·Quantitative Changes in Left Renal Dimensions | 第106-115页 |
| 3 Discussion | 第115-116页 |
| 4 Summary | 第116-118页 |
| References | 第118-119页 |
| Chapter 7 Qualitative Evaluation of Renal Dysfunction Using IntravenousPyelography(Excretory Urography)in Experimental Animals | 第119-127页 |
| Abstract | 第119页 |
| Introduction | 第119-120页 |
| 1 Material and methods | 第120-122页 |
| ·Indications | 第120页 |
| ·Considerations for Drug Used for the Procedure | 第120页 |
| ·Anesthetic Considerations | 第120-121页 |
| ·Technique of Excretory Urography in Dogs | 第121-122页 |
| 2 Results of Intravenous Pyelography | 第122-124页 |
| 3 Discussion | 第124页 |
| 4 Summary | 第124-126页 |
| References | 第126-127页 |
| Chapter 8 Qualitative Assessment of Renal Dysfunction by HistopathologicEvaluation of Tissue Samples from Experimental Animals | 第127-139页 |
| Abstract | 第127页 |
| Introduction | 第127页 |
| 1 Material and methods | 第127-131页 |
| ·Collection of a Biopsy Sample | 第127-130页 |
| ·Preparation for Histopathology examination using Hematoxylin and Eosin StainingTechnique | 第130-131页 |
| 2 Results Obtained from Histopathology-Evidences of Changes in Renal Tissues | 第131-134页 |
| 3 Discussion | 第134-135页 |
| 4 Summary | 第135-137页 |
| References | 第137-139页 |
| Chapter 9 Measurement of GFR and ERPF for Direct Quantitative Assessment ofRenal Dysfunction in experimental animals | 第139-155页 |
| Abstract | 第139-140页 |
| Introduction | 第140页 |
| 1 Material and methods | 第140-143页 |
| ·Methodological Approach for GFR and ERPF Determination | 第140-141页 |
| ·Collection of Blood Samples | 第140-141页 |
| ·Centrifugation and Collection of Serum and its Storage | 第141页 |
| ·Complete Chemical Assay Method for GFR determination | 第141-142页 |
| ·Complete Chemical Assay Method for ERPF determination | 第142-143页 |
| 2 Results | 第143-146页 |
| ·Changes in GFR and ERPF during experimental ureteral Ligation | 第143-145页 |
| ·Percentage of Renal Reserve | 第145-146页 |
| 3 Discussion | 第146-150页 |
| 4 Summary | 第150-152页 |
| References | 第152-155页 |
| Chapter 10 A Thorough Study for Indirect Quantitative Assessment of RenalDysfunction in experimental animals | 第155-172页 |
| Abstract | 第155-156页 |
| Introduction | 第156页 |
| 1 Materials and Methods | 第156-158页 |
| ·Collection of Samples for Hematology,Blood Chemistry and Urine | 第156-157页 |
| ·Indications | 第156-157页 |
| ·Methodological Approach | 第157-158页 |
| 2 Results | 第158-165页 |
| ·Results of Hematological Changes in WBC,Lymphocyte,te,Granulocyte,RBC and Platelet Counts,Hemoglobin Concentration and Hematocrit in Experimental Animals | 第158-160页 |
| ·Results of Biochemical Analysis of Total Protein,Albumin,Uric Acid,Sodium and Chloride Concentrations in Experimental Animals | 第160-162页 |
| ·Results of Urine Protein Quantification and Urinalysis | 第162-165页 |
| 3 Discussion | 第165-169页 |
| ·Changes in Hematological Indices | 第165-167页 |
| ·Changes in Biochemical Indices | 第167-169页 |
| ·Changes in Urine Indices | 第169页 |
| 4 Summary | 第169-171页 |
| References | 第171-172页 |
| Conclusion from the Whole Dissertation | 第172-174页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第174-176页 |
| Publications | 第176页 |
