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Removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from Wastewater and Polluted Soil by Electrical Technologies

ABSTRACT第5-6页
1. Introduction第10-17页
    1.1. Heavy metal pollution第10-11页
    1.2. Pb~(2+)pollution第11-13页
    1.3. Why removal of Pb~(2+)from wastewater and polluted soil第13-15页
    1.4. The aims of the present work第15-17页
2. Review of literature第17-95页
    2.1. Removal of Pb~(2+)from wastewater第17-21页
        2.1.1. Chemical precipitation第17-19页
        2.1.2. Ion exchange第19页
        2.1.3. Adsorption第19-20页
        2.1.4. Membrane filtration第20页
        2.1.5. Coagulation and flocculation第20-21页
        2.1.6. Flotation第21页
        2.1.7. Electrochemical treatment第21页
    2.2. Polluted soil remediation methods第21-25页
        2.2.1. The physical treatment第22-23页
        2.2.2. The chemical treatment第23-24页
        2.2.3. The biological treatment第24-25页
    2.3. Electrodialysis (ED)第25-44页
        2.3.1. Mechanism and principles第25-26页
        2.3.2. Electrodialysis reversal (EDR)第26页
        2.3.3. Reverse osmosis第26页
        2.3.4. Electrodialysis variables第26-31页
        2.3.5. Electrodialysis operating parameters第31-34页
        2.3.6. Concentration of organic acids using electrodialysis第34-35页
        2.3.7. Sea water and brackish water desalination using electrodialysis第35-36页
        2.3.8. Removal of cations and anions by electrodialysis第36-43页
        2.3.9. Effect of co-existing ions on electrodialysis performance第43页
        2.3.10. Effect of electrodialysis separation on COD value第43-44页
    2.4. Electrolysis (EL)第44-56页
        2.4.1. Definition第44页
        2.4.2. Mechanism and principles第44-46页
        2.4.3. Metals ions movement during electrolysis第46-47页
        2.4.4. Metals recovery by electrolysis第47-49页
        2.4.5. Factors control the performance of electrolysis第49-54页
        2.4.6. The morphology structure of electrodeposit第54-55页
        2.4.7. Related processes第55-56页
    2.5. Soil electrokinetic remediation (SEKR)第56-95页
        2.5.1. Mechanism and principles第56-63页
        2.5.2. Water chemical reaction at different electrodes第63-65页
        2.5.3. Polarization associated with SEKR第65-66页
        2.5.4. Water distribution inside the soil system第66页
        2.5.5. The drawback of high pH adjacent to the cathode第66-67页
        2.5.6. The proposed solutions to overcome high pH zone第67-76页
        2.5.7. Factors affect the performance of SEKR第76-80页
        2.5.8. Energy consumption during SEKR第80-82页
        2.5.9. Passing routes of electrical current inside the soil system第82页
        2.5.10. The fate of SEKR contaminates第82-83页
        2.5.11. Precaution during SEKR第83页
        2.5.12. Summary of pollutants removal by SEKR第83-92页
        2.5.13. Total operation cost第92-93页
        2.5.14. Advantages and disadvatges of electrokinetic process第93-94页
        2.5.15. Other technologies第94-95页
3. Materials and methods第95-101页
    3.1. Materials第95页
    3.2. Methods第95-99页
    3.3. Analytical equations第99-101页
4. Separation of Pb~(2+)from wastewater using electrodialysis (ED)第101-129页
    4.1. Introduction第101页
    4.2. Materials第101-104页
    4.3. Effect of pH第104-117页
    4.4. Effect of ED influential parameters on Pb~(2+)separation第117-119页
    4.5. Effect of ED influential parameters on current efficiency第119-122页
    4.6. Effect of ED influential parameters on energy consumption第122-123页
    4.7. ANOVA analysis第123-125页
    4.8. Confirmation experiment第125-126页
    4.9. Membrane status after terminating the experiment第126-129页
5. Recovery of Pb~(2+)using electrolysis (EL)第129-155页
    5.1. Introduction第129页
    5.2. Materials第129-131页
    5.3. Effect of electrolysis influential parameters on Pb~(2+)recovery第131-134页
    5.4. Effect of electrolysis influential parameters on current efficiency第134-138页
    5.5. Effect of electrolysis influential parameters on energy consumption第138页
    5.6. ANOVA analysis第138-140页
    5.7. Confirmation experiment第140-142页
    5.8. Comparison between Taguchi approach and empirical experiments第142-155页
6. Intergration of electrodialysis, electrolysis, and adsorption第155-162页
    6.1. Introduction第155页
    6.2. Materials第155-156页
    6.3. Combination of ED and EL第156-158页
    6.4. Adsorption of Pb~(2+)on CEM第158-159页
    6.5. SEM and EDX analysis第159-162页
7. Modified SEKR using perforated cathode pipe SEKR system(PCPSS)第162-196页
    7.1. Intoduction第162-163页
    7.2. Materials第163-167页
    7.3. Classification of SEKR designs第167-169页
    7.4. Rationale for application of PCPSS第169页
    7.5. Advantages of PCPSS第169-170页
    7.6. Experimental scheme第170-171页
    7.7. pH variation第171-175页
    7.8. Electroosmosis (EO) mechanism第175-180页
    7.9. Removal of Pb~(2+)and Zn~(2+)第180-190页
    7.10. Energy consumption第190-192页
    7.11. Redox potential variation第192-196页
8. Modified SEKR by electrode configuration and applyinghydrostatic head第196-207页
    8.1. Intoduction第196页
    8.2. Materials第196-198页
    8.3. Rational for electrode configuration and hydrostatic water head第198页
    8.4. Experimental design第198-199页
    8.5. Current variation第199-200页
    8.6. pH variation第200-201页
    8.7. Pb~(2+)distribution第201-203页
    8.8. Redox potential variation第203-207页
9. Conclusions and recommendations第207-212页
References第212-229页
Acknowledgements第229-230页
Publications第230页

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